通勤學英語 15Mins Today

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K099: New Taipei City Environmental Season combines tourism with environmental protection

The New Taipei City Environmental Protection Bureau is launching its “2021 New Taipei City Environmental Season” series of activities, scheduled to take place from April 1 to June 30, centered on the three main aspects of “good living, good fun and good sense” and linking up over 20 environmental education activities that are being promoted by various bureaus and offices. Details can be found on the New Taipei City Environmental Season section of the bureau’s official Web site and on the bureau’s Facebook page.

新北市環保局推出「二○二一年新北環境季」系列活動，規劃從四月一日起至六月三十日，以「好住、好玩、厚sense」三大面向為主軸，串聯各局處單位推動超過二十項的環境教育活動，詳情可以上環保局官網中的新北環境季活動網頁查詢。

The bureau held a news conference on Monday last week, at which it announced various tour itineraries that include promoting advocacy of a “good living” environment and harbor and sea cleanups, such as recruiting New Taipei City Water Scout Volunteers, a project that calls for removing small roadside advertisements and a series of activities for Ocean Month (June). These activities combine the strengths of the government and the public to make New Taipei City a good place for people, animals and plants to live.

環保局上週一舉辦活動記者會，推出的遊程包含提升「好住」環境的宣導和淨港淨海，像是新北偵水志工招募、號召清除路邊小廣告的「集撕廣益」、六月海洋月系列活動……等，結合政府和民眾的力量，使新北市成為民眾、動植物宜居的好所在。

As to the “good fun” aspect, the organizers invite the public to visit nine environmental education facilities in New Taipei City and take part in tours exclusive to the Environmental Season that include rich and varied ecological, cultural and DIY handicraft experiences, while participants can also reduce their carbon footprints by enjoying food made from fresh local ingredients.

另外，「好玩」則是以「環遊新北就醬玩」號召市民，至新北市九處環境教育設施場所參與環境季專屬遊程，包括豐富多元的生態、文化及手作體驗外，還可以享用當地新鮮食材減少碳足跡。

The bureau said that the “good sense” aspect involves collaboration with various organizations and departments to organize a variety of environmental education activities, including environmental education promotions co-organized with civic organizations, a special exhibition at the Wetland Story House and low-carbon awareness courses, with the aim of enhancing the public’s environmental literacy and implementing the spirit of environmental protection in daily life.

環保局也說，「厚sense」則協同各團體機構辦理多項環境教育活動，內容包括與民間團體辦理的環境教育推廣、溼地故事館特展及低碳推廣課程……等，以期提升民眾環境素養、將環保精神於日常生活中落實。

The bureau said that this Environmental Season activity series not only coordinates promotion of the New Taipei City Government’s vision and policies, but also responds to the sustainable development goals set by the international community and connects Earth Day in April with the International Day for Biological Diversity in May and World Environment Day and World Oceans Day in June.

這次的環境季系列活動，環保局表示，不僅結合新北市府願景及政策推動，也響應國際間訂定的永續發展目標，串聯起四月的地球日、五月的國際生物多樣性日、六月的世界環境日和世界海洋日。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/03/30/2003754711

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K098: Pretty in pink: Saudi Arabia’s summer capital is adorned with millions of spring roses

In Saudi Arabia, there are two traditional types of pink roses that are widely adored and sold for various purposes, both significant in their smell, cultivation standards, and price. The light blush pink of the Madinah rose is available all through the year, and it grows in cool to warm weather, while the Taif rose, also known as the Jory or Damascus rose, is a seasonal type that grows only during the spring months for 45 to 60 days in cold to cool weather.

在沙烏地阿拉伯，有兩種傳統的粉紅色玫瑰，被廣泛崇拜和出售的各種目的，無論是顯著的氣味，種植標準和價格。麥地那玫瑰的淺腮紅粉紅色全年都有，在涼爽到溫暖的天氣中生長，而塔伊夫玫瑰，也被稱為喬里玫瑰或大馬士革玫瑰，是一種季節性的玫瑰，只在春季生長45至60天，在寒冷到涼爽的天氣。

Away from the hot desert weather, the city of mountains, located 1,800 meters above sea level, is known for its mild climate, with cool rainy weather in winter and spring, making it an ideal atmosphere for roses to grow.

遠離炎熱的沙漠天氣，位於海拔1800米的山區以溫和的氣候而聞名，冬季和春季陰雨天氣涼爽，是玫瑰生長的理想環境。

For the next two months, farmers across the city head out to gardens and orchards to harvest the roses in full bloom and place them in sacks moistened with water to keep them fresh. Thousands of farms, gardens and orchards are spread across the mountains of the city and distributed around its terraces.

在接下來的兩個月裡，全市的農民前往花園和果園，收穫盛開的玫瑰花，並把它們放在裝滿水的麻袋裡，以保持新鮮。成千上萬的農場、花園和果園遍佈城市的群山，分佈在它的梯田周圍。

It takes each pink rose 10 days to fully bloom; farmers then crop the harvest and pick roses manually in the early morning before sunrise.

每朵粉紅色的玫瑰花10天才能完全開花;農民們然後在日出前的清晨手工收割和採摘玫瑰。

“We have 900 rose farms around Taif city, each approximately 5,000 meters wide, producing around 30 million roses during the season,” Al-Kamal said.

卡邁勒說：「我們在塔伊夫市周圍有900個玫瑰農場，每個農場寬約5000米，在此期間生產約3000萬朵玫瑰。

When cropping, weighing and processing, Al-Kamal personally supervises the harvest, explaining that “the main stages of counting and weighing the harvest need to be carefully done to assure the process is going as it should be. During the peak of the season we harvest 1.2 million roses a day,” he said.

在種植、稱重和加工時，Al-Kamal 親自監督收成，並解釋說，"需要仔細完成對收穫進行計數和稱重的主要階段，以確保這一過程按其應有的進行。在旺季，我們每天收穫120萬朵玫瑰，"他說。

The factory has three main product lines made from Taif roses, including intense rose water used for medical and cosmetic purposes made from 35,000 roses, regular rose water used in food and beverages, made from 20,000 roses, and refined rose water that produces rose oil as a deluxe perfume, made from 45,000 roses.

該工廠有三條主要產品線，由Taif玫瑰製成，包括用於醫療和化妝品的濃烈玫瑰水，由三萬五千朵玫瑰製成，常規玫瑰水用於食品和飲料，由兩萬朵玫瑰製成，精煉玫瑰水生產玫瑰油作為豪華香水，由四萬五千朵玫瑰製成。

The three are developed for a variety of other formulas to produce over 70 products made from pink rose extracts.

這三種配方是為各種其他配方開發的，生產出70多種由粉紅玫瑰萃取物製成的產品。

Inside the factory, five brass pots stand next to one another in a small room dating from when the factory first started. “My ancestors used to rely on this room as a rudimentary factory; the pots used to slowly cook under wooden ovens for days. However, after several generations, the factory expanded to take an extra 120 pots with gas ovens. All the old wooden ovens were kept as a reminder.”

在工廠內部，五個黃銅壺緊挨著一個房間，可追溯到工廠剛開工時。"我的祖先過去把這個房間當作一個簡陋的工廠：用來在木烤箱下慢慢煮了好幾天的鍋。然而，幾代人之後，工廠擴大，以採取額外的120鍋與煤氣爐。所有舊木製烤箱都保存作為提醒。

To prepare the products, sacks of thousands of roses are poured into the large 90-liter copper pots, that are later sealed tight for a 9-12 hour distillation process, after which fragrant oil extract can be found floating on the intense rose water surface.

為了準備產品，成袋的數千朵玫瑰被倒入90升的大銅壺中，這些銅壺後來被密封緊，進行9-12小時的蒸餾過程，之後在強烈的玫瑰水面上可以找到飄浮的香油提取物

It takes 45,000 roses to make this precious extract, poured into 12ml vials. The scent has citrus and flowery notes, and the price of a vial starts at $400-450 depending on the season.

製作這種珍貴的提取物需要四萬五千朵玫瑰，倒入 12 毫升小瓶中。香味有柑橘和華麗的音符，小瓶的價格從400-450美元開始，這取決於季節。Source article: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1836611/saudi-arabia

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K097: Egypt’s Suez Canal: a maritime choke point

The 400-meter long, 220,000-ton MV (motor vessel) Ever Given, classed as a so-called “megaship,” veered off course during a gale-force duststorm.

長達四百公尺、二十二萬噸，屬於所謂「超大型船舶」的內燃機船「長賜號」，在沙塵暴的大風中偏離了航道。

The 59-meter-wide Taiwan-run, Panama-flagged vessel became stuck near the southern end of the Suez Canal, diagonally blocking the man-made waterway that connects the Mediterranean with the Red Sea.

這艘五十九公尺寬，由台灣企業經營、以巴拿馬為船旗國的船卡在蘇伊士運河南端附近，以斜角堵住了這條連接地中海與紅海的人造水路。

Opened 150 years ago, Egypt’s Suez Canal has been regularly expanded and modernized, and it is today capable of accommodating some of the world’s largest supertankers, handling roughly 10 percent of international maritime trade. In 2019 around 50 ships used the canal daily, compared with three in 1869.

埃及的蘇伊士運河一百五十年前開航，一直定期進行擴建及現代化改造，如今能夠容納世界上最大的一些超級油輪，經手大約百分之十的國際海洋貿易。二○一九年，每天約有五十艘船通過運河，在一八六九年則為每日三艘。

The majority of oil transported by sea passes through the Suez Canal, which is the fastest crossing from the North Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, but demands hefty passage tolls. The journey between ports in the Persian Gulf and London, for example, is roughly halved by going through the Suez Canal compared to the alternate route via the southern tip of Africa.

大部分經海路運輸的石油都會通過蘇伊士運河，但需付高額通行費，蘇伊士運河是由北大西洋通往印度洋最快的渡口。例如，要來往波斯灣諸港及倫敦之間，經由蘇伊士運河要比繞道非洲南端的替代路線縮短了大約一半的行程。

Most of the cargo traveling from the Persian Gulf to Western Europe is oil. In the opposite direction, it is mostly manufactured goods and grain from Europe and North America headed to the Far East and Asia.

由波斯灣運往西歐的貨品大部分為石油；而反方向的運輸，主要是將歐洲及北美洲的製成品與穀物，運往遠東及亞洲。

The latest blockage highlights the risks faced by the shipping industry as more and more vessels transit maritime choke points including the Suez and Panama canals, the Strait of Hormuz and Southeast Asia’s Malacca Strait. Those routes are also having to accommodate increasingly larger ships that are more complex to rescue, while the container-carrying capacity of vessels has doubled in the past decade.

近日的蘇伊士運河堵塞事件確實凸顯出航運業所面臨的風險，因為有越來越多的船通過海上戰略咽喉要塞，包括蘇伊士運河、巴拿馬運河、荷莫茲海峽，以及東南亞的麻六甲海峽。這些路線還必須容納體積越來越大的船舶，體積越大，救援起來就越複雜。船舶的裝載貨櫃容量在過去十年中整整翻了一倍。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/03/29/2003754655

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K096: About Health - 1 in 4 people projected to have hearing problems by 2050

Nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide ─ or 1 in 4 people ─ will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050, warns the World Health Organization’s (WHO) first World Report on Hearing, released Tuesday. At least 700 million of these people will require access to ear and hearing care and other rehabilitation services unless action is taken.

世界衛生組織週二發布的第一份《世界聽力報告》警告說，到2050年全球將有25億人（即4分之1人口）出現某種程度的聽力受損，如果不採取行動，至少7億人將需要接受耳朵及聽力護理和其他康復服務。

"Our ability to hear is precious. Untreated hearing loss can have a devastating impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study and to earn a living. It can also impact on people’s mental health and their ability to sustain relationships," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.

世衛秘書長譚德塞博士說：「我們的聽力彌足珍貴，聽力受損得不到治療會對人們的交流、學習和謀生能力造成破壞性的影響，還會影響人們的心理健康和維持人際關係的能力。」

Investment in ear and hearing care has been shown to be cost-effective: WHO calculates that governments can expect a return of nearly $16 for every $1 invested.

在耳朵和聽力保健方面的投資已被證明具有成本效益：據世衛估算，各國政府每投資1美元，就能獲得近16美元的回報。

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Certain Junk Foods Could Be Messing With Your Brain’s Appetite Control 某些垃圾食物可能擾亂大腦的食慾控制

Emerging evidence in humans suggests a typically Western high-fat, high-sugar ’junk food’ diet can quickly undermine your brain’s appetite control.

在人類中新發現的證據顯示，含有高脂高糖「垃圾食物」的典型西方飲食，可以快速破壞大腦對食慾的控制。

After indulging in a week-long binge of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy volunteers scored worse on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.

狂吃鬆餅、奶昔和類似的高脂食物一週後，澳洲研究人員發現，年輕健康的志願者在記憶力測試中成績欠佳，而且對垃圾食物更有食慾，甚至在吃飽之後還想吃。

The findings suggest something is amiss in the hippocampus - a region of the brain that supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby reducing our appetite.

研究結果顯示問題出在海馬體，這個區域在大腦中支援記憶力，協助調節食慾。我們吃飽之後，海馬體被認為會使美食記憶不再活躍，從而降低食慾。

When it’s disrupted, this control can be seriously undermined.

當海馬體受到擾亂，對食慾的控制也會受到嚴重破壞。

Over the years, extensive research on juvenile mice has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to ’junk food’ , but this has only recently been observed in young and healthy humans.

近年來對幼鼠進行的廣泛研究發現，海馬體對「垃圾食物」很敏感，但最近才在年輕健康的人群中發現這一問題。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1438641 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1368761

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Topic: About Indonesia - Former Indonesia First Lady wows fans with photos from exile days

人氣日劇電影版續集《信用欺詐師JP : 公主篇》最近上映，眼尖的網友發現已故前印尼總統的遺孀 Dewi Sukarno 也出現在戲中，年屆八旬的她保養甚好，看起來仍十分年輕，掀起討論。戲如人生，Dewi Sukarn 的ㄧ生也同樣跌宕起伏，十分精彩。

Dewi Sukarno, the widow of the late Indonesian President, was recently featured in a sequel of the popular Japanese drama, “The Confidence Man JP: Princess,” to the delight of many fans. Dewi Sukarno, 80, was able to wow fans with her youthful looks. Behind her ageless beauty, however, is a life full of ups and downs, just like the film she starred in.

Dewi Sukarno 原名叫根本七保子（Naoko Nemoto），於1940年出生於日本。從小就天生麗質的她懷抱著演藝夢，高中時輟學去東京當俱樂部小姐，後來在19歲那年，在東京一間酒吧遇上當時 57 歲、到日本進行訪問的印尼前總統蘇加諾。

Dewi Sukarno, originally named Naoko Nemoto, was born in Japan in 1940. To achieve her dream of becoming a star, she quitted high school to work at a club where she learned singing and dancing. At the age of 19, she met the then 57-year-old Sukarno, the former president of Indonesia, in a Tokyo bar when he was on a visit to Japan.

儘管對方是有婦之夫，兩人還是一見鐘情，當年 Dewi 就隨著蘇加諾返回印尼，並成為他的情人。直到 1962 年兩人才正式結婚，Dewi 成為他的第三任妻子，也是印尼的總統夫人，經常出席重要社交場合，兩人還生了一個女兒Kartika。

The two fell in love at first sight. Despite Sukarno being married, Dewi returned to Indonesia with him that year as his lover.

可惜好景不常，1967 年印尼發生政變，蘇加諾被部下將領推翻，被囚於自家中，直到1970年去世。Dewi 則在叛變發後被迫帶著女兒 Kartika 流亡海外，在瑞士、巴黎和紐約等地居住。在蘇加諾死後，Dewi 靠著不減的魅力活躍於演藝圈，人人都稱她「Dewi夫人」。現在她經營自己的美妝和珠寶事業，偶爾會出現在日本電視節目中擔任選美評審，目前居住在東京。

Unfortunately, the sweet days didn’t last long. In 1967, a coup d’état broke out in Indonesia and Sukarno was overthrown by his subordinates. He remained under home arrest until his death in 1970. Dewi was forced to live in exile for a long time with her daughter Kartika in Switzerland, Paris and New York. After Sukarno’s death, Dewi became active in Japan’s show business with her unfailing charisma; she was known as “Mrs. Dewi”.Living in Tokyo, she now runs her own beauty and jewelry business, while occasionally appearing as a beauty pageant judge on Japanese television.

Dewi 近日在Instagram上貼出流亡海外時與女兒的合照，她指出這些照片在 1967 年拍攝，當時她 27 歲、帶著6個月大的女兒從三藩市遷居到美國，再輾轉回巴黎拍下的。儘管當時過著顛沛流離的流亡生活，照片中的Dewi看起來依舊明艷動人、抱著女兒露出幸福甜笑，讓網友們看到後直呼「年輕的時候太美了」、「為母則強」。

Dewi recently posted photos of herself and her daughter from their exile on Instagram, with the captions explaining that the photos were taken in 1967 when she was 27 years old carrying her 6-month-old daughter Kartika moving between Japan, The States and Paris.Despite the chaotic and struggling life of exile, Dewi still looks gorgeous in the photos, holding her daughter and smiling happily, prompting social media users to comment, “she was so beautiful when she was young,” and “Mothers become strong for their children”.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20201103-1837117

Next Article

Topic: Time for fungus? Indonesian watchmaker turns to mushroom leather

A watchmaker in Indonesia’s Bandung city thinks the next step in sustainability is a wristwatch with a strap made out of the complex root structure of a mushroom. Mycelium leather, as the material is known, is fibrous and tough yet pliable and waterproof, and has been touted as an environmentally-friendly alternative to synthetic products or natural leather made from animal hide.

印尼萬隆市的一名製錶師認為，利用某種蕈類複雜的根部結構製作錶帶，做成的腕錶是邁向永續發展的下一步。此材料被稱為「菌絲體皮革」，以纖維構成，而且耐用，同時容易彎折，還能防水，近來被譽為環境友善的替代材料，以取代合成皮或是動物獸皮製成的真皮。

Erlambang Ajidarma, head of research at Mycotech, the start-up supplying the mycelium leather to make the wrist straps, said his team was inspired by tempeh, a traditional Indonesian savory dish made by fermenting soybeans with fungus. “Finally we found one mushroom with a mycelium that can be made into binding material,” said Ajidarma, after testing several different types of mushrooms since 2016.

Mycotech是一間供應菌絲體皮革以製作錶帶的新創公司，該公司的研究部門主管艾爾蘭邦‧阿吉達瑪表示，他的團隊是從傳統的印尼美味菜餚「丹貝」──利用真菌發酵的大豆製品──獲得啟發。阿吉達瑪表示，他們從二○一六年以來測試了好幾種不同蕈類，「我們終於找到一種菇類的菌絲體可以被做成接合用材料。」

Now, the company grows the fungus on sawdust and then harvests the leather. After scraping off the sawdust, it is dried and then cut to various sizes, depending on the use. The process is tedious, taking around three weeks to make 10 square meters of material. But Ajidarma thinks it’s worth it.

今日，該公司在鋸木屑上種植這類真菌，再收成皮革。先將鋸木屑刮除後，真菌還要進行烘乾，再根據用途切割成不同大小。整個過程相當繁瑣，大概要三星期才能做出一塊十公尺見方的材料，但是阿吉達瑪認為辛苦是值得的。

It costs less to make mycelium leather than to make petroleum-based synthetic leathers, he says, and the mycelium manufacturing process produces a fraction of the carbon dioxide emitted by the cows killed to make real leather. Ajidarma’s team also uses dyes extracted from leaves, roots and food waste to color the mycelium leather, which they say absorbs dye faster than leather made from animal hide.

他指出，製作菌絲體皮革的成本比以石油為原料的合成皮來得便宜，而且製造菌絲體的過程只會產生少許二氧化碳，遠比因為需要真皮而遭到殺害的牛隻少。阿吉達瑪的團隊也利用樹葉、樹根，以及廚餘中萃取出的染料為菌絲體皮革上色。他們表示，這種環保材質吸收染料的速度比動物皮更快。

Watchmaking company Pala Nusantara cuts and sews the leather into the straps for its watches, which are made with a wooden bezel. The watches, priced between 900,000 and 1.3 million rupiah (US$64 and US$93), are mostly sold online, said Andang Maulana Syamsuri, managing director of Pala Nusantara. And at least one potential customer is interested. “I would be very interested in a watch made of natural material and plants because I’ve been allergic to a few that I bought in the past,” said a customer at a watch shop in Jakarta.

製錶公司Pala Nusantara先對皮革進行切割，再將其縫製成錶帶，搭配木製邊框的手錶。該公司的常務董事安當‧毛拉納‧席厄姆蘇里表示，這些手錶訂價在九十萬到一百三十萬印尼盾（約為六十四美元到九十三美元，即新台幣一千九百元到兩千八百元）之間，大多數都在網路上販售。目前，起碼有一名潛在消費者對此有興趣。雅加達某間錶店裡的一位顧客表示：「我會對自然材料和植物製造的手錶相當有興趣，因為我以前買的幾支手錶都會讓我過敏。」

Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/11/10/2003725554

Next Article

Topic: About Indonesia - World’s oldest known cave painting found in Indonesia

考古學家發現世界上已知最古老的洞穴壁畫：一幅實物大小的野豬壁畫 ，創作於距今至少4萬5500年前的印尼。

The finding described in the journal Science Advances on Wednesday provides the earliest evidence of human settlement of the region.

《科學先端》期刊中敘述的發現，為人類曾在當地居住提供最久遠的證據。

Co-author Maxime Aubert of Australia’s Griffith University told AFP it was found on the island of Sulawesi in 2017 by doctoral student Basran Burhan, as part of surveys the team was carrying out with Indonesian authorities.

研究共同作者、澳洲格里菲斯大學考古學教授奧伯特告訴法新社，該研究團隊與印尼當局合作，團隊成員、該校博士生布爾漢2017年在印尼蘇拉威西島發現壁畫。

The Leang Tedongnge cave is located in a remote valley enclosed by sheer limestone cliffs, about an hour’s walk from the nearest road.

（壁畫所在的）「Leang Tedongnge」洞穴地處偏遠的山谷，被石灰岩懸崖包圍，走到距離最近的道路約需1小時的步行路程。

Measuring 136 by 54 centimeters the Sulawesi warty pig was painted using dark red ochre pigment and has a short crest of upright hair, as well as a pair of horn-like facial warts characteristic of adult males of the species.

壁畫中的蘇拉威西疣豬身長136公分、寬54公分， 以暗紅赭石顏料繪製，背上有一列豎起的短鬃毛，面部還有一對角狀疣，是成年公豬的特徵。Next Article

Next Article

Topic: Students In Bali Can Pay Tuition Fees With Coconuts Amid Pandemic 疫病大流行期間 峇里島學生可用椰子繳學費

A hospitality college in Bali, Indonesia, has begun accepting coconuts as tuition payment as students face economic hardship as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

印尼峇里島一所餐飲管理學院已開始接受椰子做為學費支付，因為學生因冠狀病毒大流行而面臨經濟困難。

When students at the Venus One Tourism Academy pay their fees with coconuts, the college will use them to harvest virgin coconut oil, UPI reported.

合眾國際社報導，當「金星一號餐旅學院」的學生用椰子繳學費時，校方將用它們提煉成初榨椰子油。

Alternatively, students can pay with leaves from other selected tropical plants which can be converted into herbal soap and be sold to raise money for the academy.

做為替代選擇，學生也可以用辣木和雷公根等其他選定的熱帶植物葉子來抵學費，這些葉子可以被製成草藥皂出售，為學院籌款。

"Initially, the tuition payment scheme was paid in three installments, with the first installment at 50 per cent, the second 20 at per cent and the third at 30 per cent," Venus One Tourism Academy’s director Wayan Pasek Adi Putra told local news.

金星一號餐旅學院校長普特拉告訴當地媒體《Bali Puspa新聞》表示，「原本學費繳交分3期，第一期繳50%，第二期20%，第三期則是30%」。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1414475 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422914

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

Summary:

Brazil the meat-loving country is changing its course to be more welcoming to plant-based diets. The number of self-declared vegetarians in Brazil has nearly doubled over a six-year period 30 million people, or 14% of Brazilians, reported being vegetarian or vegan in 2018. This change comes from rising health concerns and deforestation and animal rights movements.

原跟讀文章 : https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-k043-brazil-is-famous-for-its-meat-but-vegetarianism-is 

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

All-you-can-eat / buffet n. dishes placed in public area where guests serve themselves, buffet restaurants usually offer all-you-can-eat food at one price.

My favorite all-you-can-eat buffet is the Eatogether restaurant.

Restaurants that do not offer all-you-can-eat dishes, guests have to order a la carte.

Sedentary adj. seated for long periods of time/inactive

Sedentary lifestyle and junk food in Brazil are causing a rise in cardiovascular and chronic diseases.

The only way to avoid a sedentary lifestyle is to find an outdoor hobby or exercise regularly.

Plant-based food n. food made from vegetables

In Taiwan, many soy-made foods are vegetarian’s main source of plant-based food.

Many plant-based food startups around the world like Beyond meat and Impossible meat are making burger patties from plant protein.

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K095: Tokyo Olympics to kick off torch relay again tomorrow

The torch relay of the Tokyo Olympics is set to begin tomorrow from Japan’s Fukushima Prefecture, which was devastated by the nuclear disaster in 2011. The Olympic flame will travel across Japan for months. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, fans along the roadsides watching the relay need to social distance, wear masks and cheer quietly.

東京奧運的聖火傳遞預計明日從福島縣起跑，該縣在二○一一年飽受日本核災衝擊，聖火將會巡迴全國數個月之久。受武漢肺炎（新冠病毒，COVID-19）影響，道路兩旁觀賞聖火傳遞的群眾須保持社交距離、戴上口罩、並輕聲地加油。

Earlier last month, some athletes and celebrities withdrew from the torch relay due to then Tokyo Olympics Organizing Committee president Yoshiro Mori’s discriminatory remarks against women. The organizer announced recently that Japanese centenarian Kane Tanaka will join the relay in May to cheer the nation. Born in 1903, the 118-year-old granny is the world’s oldest verified living person today.

稍早在上個月，一些選手和名人紛紛退出了傳遞聖火的行列，以抗議當時的東奧執委會主席森喜朗歧視女性的言論。主辦單位近日則宣布，日本人瑞田中加子將於五月加入聖火的隊伍，希望能因此激勵日本。一九○三年出生的田中奶奶已一百一十八歲，是目前經認證全球最年長人瑞。

The Tokyo Olympics featuring 11,000 athletes is scheduled to open on July 23. The committee announced last weekend that international fans would not be allowed to attend the games this time. Due to fear of large crowds spreading the coronavirus, 77 percent of the Japanese are opposed to the opening to foreign spectators.

東奧預計將在今年七月二十三日開幕，屆時將有一萬一千名選手參賽。執委會上週末宣布本次盛會不容許海外粉絲前來觀賽。由於害怕大型群聚容易散播新冠病毒，高達百分之七十七的日本民眾反對開放境外觀眾觀賽。

Next Article

毛小孩遇地震怎麼辦？日發明「狗狗專用避難包」 | Japanese pet shop creates emergency kit for dogs

大部分人家裡都會準備一份緊急避難包，以備不時之需，那麼家裡有毛小孩的人，若遭逢天災該怎麼辦呢？日本一間寵物用品店推出「狗狗專用避難包」，主人可以將避難包綁在狗狗身上，若不幸遭逢意外，裡面的求生用具不但可以救狗狗、也能救主人一命。

Most people have an emergency kit at home in case of emergencies, so what should people with pets do when a natural disaster occurs? In Japan, a pet shop launched a survival bag for dogs that can be tied to the dog’s body if any emergency happens. The survival gear inside can not only save the dog but also save the owner’s life.

根據SoraNews24報導，在過去，毛小孩遭逢意外、遇到天災，沒辦法成功脫困、甚至失蹤的案例層出不窮，有鑑於此，日本寵物用品店Pet Memorial Shops設計一款防水、防火以聚氨酯、聚酯纖維所製成的狗狗專用避難包。

According to SoraNews24, many cases of dogs fail to escape from the tragedy in an accident or natural disaster. With this observation in mind, the Japanese pet store Pet Memorial Shops designed evacuation life bags made of waterproof, fireproof polyurethane and polyester.

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/03/24/2003754357 ;https://chinapost.nownews.com/20210319-2226006

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K094: Heavy lifting and too much sitting can cause herniated discs, lumbar pain and numbness

A certain Ms Chen, aged 39, recently sought treatment at an orthopedic clinic, saying that she had a pain in the area extending from her left buttock to her calf that had lasted for more than three weeks, and she had no idea what had caused it. She was diagnosed with a herniated disc causing severe low back pain. Hu Yu-feng, an orthopedic surgeon at the Ministry of Health and Welfare’s Taipei Hospital, said that frequent heavy lifting and sedentary office work are both risk factors for herniated discs.

三十九歲的陳小姐日前於骨科求診，表示左邊臀部延伸到小腿範圍莫名疼痛超過三週，經診斷為椎間盤突出導致嚴重下背痛。衛生福利部台北醫院骨科醫師胡御風表示，經常搬重物、久坐辦公室都是椎間盤突出的好發因子。

Hu said that low back pain is a commonly seen condition in orthopedic clinics and that, according to research, more than 90 percent of people have suffered from it at some time in their lives. In most cases, it is caused by a bulging disc pressing on nerves. It is three times more common in men than in women, and obesity, smoking, frequent bending down to lift heavy objects, sitting for long periods in an office and carrying children are all risk factors.

胡御風表示，下背痛為骨科門診常見的病症，根據研究統計，百分之九十以上的人都曾有過此症狀，多數原因是椎間盤突出造成神經壓迫，男性好發機率是女性的三倍，肥胖、抽菸、經常性彎腰搬重物、久坐辦公室、揹孩子等因素都是好發原因。

Hu said that, as well as low back pain, pressure on nerves leading to pain and numbness in the lower extremities is another common symptom of disc herniation. Patients with unexplained symptoms are advised to first see if physical therapy helps. For those with severe symptoms or who see no improvement after six weeks of physical therapy, or who feel so much pain after walking a few steps that they have to stop and rest, or even suffer from urinary or bowel incontinence, it is necessary to arrange to have an MRI scan and then seek decompression surgery to relieve their symptoms.

胡御風指出，除了下背痛外，神經壓迫導致下肢出現痛麻感也是椎間盤突出常見症狀，症狀不明顯患者建議先接受復健改善，症狀嚴重或復健超過六週未改善者，常有走沒幾步路就痛到必須停下來休息，甚至出現大小便失禁的情況，須安排核磁共振檢查，再透過減壓手術改善症狀。

Hu explained that decompression surgery can be performed in a minimally invasive way, with only a small piece of bone needing to be removed to draw out the intervertebral disc that is pressing on the nerves, and that patients can be discharged and go home the next day. He recommended that people should routinely maintain proper sitting and standing posture and regularly get an appropriate amount exercise to help train the core muscles, so as to avoid spinal deformation and compression.

胡御風說明，減壓手術可用微創方式進行，只需破壞一小塊骨頭，就可以把壓到神經的椎間盤掏出來，隔天就可以出院返家休養。建議民眾平常應保持正確的坐姿與站姿，並定期進行適量運動幫助訓練核心肌肉，避免脊椎變形與壓迫。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/04/06/2003755133

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K093: How Do Silicon Valley Techies Celebrate Getting Rich in a Pandemic?

Things are so hot in Silicon Valley that it’s freaking people out.

矽谷的景況火熱到強強滾，直令人瞠目結舌。

As tech startups have rushed to go public and valuations have soared, Aaron Rubin, a partner at Werba Rubin Papier Wealth Management, said his clients were in shock over their newfound wealth.

科技新創公司紛紛掛牌上市且市值飆升，Werba Rubin Papier財富管理公司合夥人亞倫‧魯賓表示，他的客戶們對於自己新獲財富之多感到難以置信。

When the pandemic hit a year ago, tech workers worried that their startup stock might never pay off. The whiplash, plus general unease about the economy, has now discouraged them from making the kinds of splurges that often accompany overnight fortunes, Rubin said. Compared with past booms, there is “more gratitude,” he said, and more plans for charity.

魯賓說，當一年前疫情爆發時，科技業員工擔心他們手持的新創公司股票可能永遠不會帶來可觀回報。受疫情衝擊加上對經濟前景普遍感到不安，現在讓他們不願像常見於一夜暴富者那般大肆揮霍。魯賓並表示，跟過去榮景時期相比，現在人們有了「更多的感激」及更多行善的打算。

“Everyone is waiting for the other shoe to drop,” Rubin said. “Maybe they buy a new Tesla or convertible, but they don’t go out and start buying airplanes overnight.”

魯賓說：「大家都提心吊膽等待最終結果。也許他們會買輛新的特斯拉或敞篷車，但不會迫不及待地開始買飛機。」

Silicon Valley’s cash-gushing, millionaire-minting initial public offerings have been bigger and buzzier than ever. But in the pandemic, the newly rich aren’t celebrating with the usual blowout parties and early retirement into round-the-world travel.

矽谷吸引資金噴湧、創造百萬富翁的首次公開發行股票（IPO）活動，比以往任何時候規模更大、也更熱烈，但在疫情期間，這些新富未如往常般舉辦狂歡派對，或提前退休開始環遊世界以示慶祝。

The parties are on Zoom, the tax talk is on Slack, the house shopping is slightly less intense, and the vibe is cautious. It is a weird time to become rich.

派對在視訊會議平台Zoom上舉行，稅務討論則在企業通訊軟體Slack上進行，購屋熱情略微降溫且氛圍謹慎。現在是發財致富的一個特異時刻。

“People’s mindset is not in a place to be ostentatious,” said Riley Newman, who was an early employee at Airbnb, which went public in December and immediately topped $100 billion in value.

Airbnb的早期員工萊利·紐曼說：「人們的心態是不想炫富。」該公司去年12月上市後，市值立即衝破1000億美元。

People have shifted their focus from vacation homes and flashy cars to suburban homes and schooling, said Newman, who now runs Wave Capital, a venture capital firm.

目前經營創業投資公司Wave Capital的紐曼表示，人們已將目光焦點從度假屋與酷炫的豪華汽車，轉向郊區住宅和學校教育上。

Over the past six months, at least 35 companies that were founded in the San Francisco Bay Area have gone public for a combined market value of $446 billion, according to a tally by The New York Times. Those companies’ “lockup periods,” which prevent insiders from selling most of their stock soon after an IPO, will expire in the coming months, unleashing a wave of wealth.

據紐約時報統計，過去半年至少有35家在舊金山灣區創立的公司掛牌上市，總市值達4460億美元。這些公司的「閉鎖期」將在幾個月後結束，釋出一波財富。閉鎖期是禁止企業內部人士在IPO後不久即出脫大部分持股的期限。

Just a handful of those IPOs could mint an estimated 7,000 millionaires, according to an analysis by EquityBee, a platform that facilitates startup equity transactions. The stream of IPOs has been large enough that the tax income from them may wipe out some of California’s projected budget shortfall.

據新創公司股票交易平台EquityBee分析，這些IPO中只消幾個就可創造約7000個百萬富豪。這些IPO規模極大，其稅收足以填補加州部分預期中的預算缺口。

In a survey of employees at seven newly public companies, roughly one-quarter said they planned to be conservative with their money because of the pandemic.

針對7家新上市公司員工所做調查顯示，約四分之一的人表示，受疫情影響打算保守理財。

Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5332533

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K092: Taiwanese ‘Lego master’ creates landscape painting of Taichung landmark

Taiwan’s officially-endorsed “Lego master” Huang Yen-chih has used more than 200,000 Lego bricks and spent three months to piece together an eye-catching landscape of Taichung’s famous Gaomei Wetlands. He also used 2,000 Lego Minifigures to create a replica of Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium, conjuring up a brand-new toy experience.

超吸睛！樂高認證大師黃彥智應邀利用逾二十萬片樂高，費時三個月拼出台中知名觀光景點「樂高牌高美溼地」，更運用兩千樂高小人打造台中洲際棒球場，玩出「玩具新視界」。

To celebrate the opening of Taichung’s first authorized Lego store — the nation’s second — Lego Taiwan invited Huang to create a “Lego wall” of the city’s landscapes within the new Lego store, which is located in Taichung’s Top City department store. After a great deal of discussion, the city’s Gaomei Wetlands, which has been praised as one of the “Six Heavenly Realms of the World,” was chosen from among dozens of Taichung landmarks to be the store’s centerpiece Lego design.

配合樂高全國「唯二」授權專賣店進駐台中，設在台中大遠百的中部首間樂高授權專賣店，也打造「台中限定」店裝特色，邀黃彥智以台中景觀設計樂高牆，幾經討論從數十個台中地景精挑細選後，選定享有「世界六大天空之境」讚譽的高美溼地作為台中店的店景主設計。

Huang spent three months and used more than 200,000 bricks to create a landscape depicting the Gaomei Wetlands during sunset and employed a multi-colored layering technique to create the effect of a watercolor painting’s rendering of a golden sun melting into the night sky. Huang was even able to simulate the gradations of sunlight reflected on the water’s surface, as well as scenes of parents and children playing together, demonstrating that the humble Lego brick can be elevated to an art form.

黃彥智費時三個月時間設計，利用超過二十萬片樂高積木，設計出「夕陽下的高美溼地」。利用不同色彩堆疊，完成如水彩渲染的黃金夕陽，加上倒映在溼地上的漸層光感，畫中並有親子遊玩場景，呈現樂高拼裝藝術。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/03/28/2003754606

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