What is Depression? 
In this episode, we discuss the  role of aggression and  'bad introjects' in depression.  We  explore the origins of the critical and aggressive inner voice in depression, which often stems from early caregiver relationships.  I emphasize how  "bad" introjects develop and later in life the impact they have on fueling depression.  A review of several pathways to depression is discussed and I highlight the detrimental effects of ineffective coping mechanisms.  Effective treatment techniques that lead to lasting change are detailed before I conclude with a brief review of previous episodes that delve into the complexities of depression, including shame, emotional detachment, narcissistic merger fantasies, and maladaptive coping mechanisms.

To read more about the various facets of narcissism please click here

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For more information about Dr. Mazzella’s psychoanalytic affiliations and membership in The International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) -which is restricted to psychoanalysts who fulfill the most recognized international standards for psychoanalytic training- please click here

For a deeper dive into narcissism, I now offer courses approved for continuing education credits, available [here]. As a NYS Education Department-approved provider (#SW-0211), licensed social workers in New York can earn credits through these programs. Also, these courses are a wonderful opportunity for those who may simply want to further educate themselves on all issues related to narcissistic and personality disorder dynamics.

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