通勤學英語 15Mins Today

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K354: How the Wealthy World Has Failed Poor Countries During the Pandemic

Like much of the developing world, Pakistan was alarmingly short of doctors and medical facilities long before anyone had heard of COVID-19. Then the pandemic overwhelmed hospitals, forcing some to turn away patients. As fear upended daily life, families lost livelihoods and struggled to feed themselves.

跟許多開發中國家一樣，早在人們聽聞新冠病毒一詞以前，巴基斯坦就極其缺乏醫生和醫療設施。然後，這場大流行疾情讓各醫院無力招架，迫使部分醫院拒絕收治病人。隨著恐懼顛覆了日常生活，一個個家庭失去了生計，為養活自己而掙扎。

On the other side of the world in Washington, two deep-pocketed organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, vowed to spare poor countries from desperation. Their economists warned that immense relief was required to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe and profound damage to global prosperity. Emerging markets make up 60% of the world economy, by one IMF measure. A blow to their fortunes inflicts pain around the planet.

在世界另一頭的華盛頓，世界銀行和國際貨幣基金這兩個財力雄厚的組織誓言不讓貧窮國家陷入絕境。他們的經濟學家警告說，必須大力進行救濟，以防止人道災難和對全球繁榮的嚴重破壞。根據國際貨幣基金的一項衡量指標，新興市場占全球經濟60%。他們的財富遭受打擊，將給全球帶來痛苦。

Wages sent home to poor countries by migrant workers — a vital artery of finance — have diminished. The shutdown of tourism has punished many developing countries. So has plunging demand for oil. Billions of people have lost the wherewithal to buy food, increasing malnutrition. By next year, the pandemic could push 150 million people into extreme poverty, the World Bank has warned, in the first increase in more than two decades.

移工寄回窮國的薪水是這些國家經濟的命脈，如今已經減少。旅遊業的關閉使許多開發中國家受到重創。對石油的需求大幅下降，同樣極具殺傷力。數十億人失去購買食物的必要資金，營養不良加劇。世界銀行警告說，這場大流行疾情到明年恐將讓1.5億人陷入赤貧，是20多年來首度增加。

But the World Bank and IMF have failed to translate their concern into meaningful support, economists say. That has left less-affluent countries struggling with limited resources and untenable debts, prompting their governments to reduce spending just as it is needed to bolster health care systems and aid people suffering lost income.

而經濟學家們說，世界銀行和國際貨幣基金並未將自身的關切轉化為有意義的支持。這讓一些較不富裕國家在有限的資源與難以支應的債務中苦苦掙扎，迫使這些國家反而在必須加強醫療體系、救助收入減少的民眾之際，縮減支出。

“A lost decade of growth in large parts of the world remains a plausible prospect absent urgent, concerted and sustained policy response,” concluded a recent report from the Group of 30, a gathering of international finance experts, including Lawrence Summers, a former economic adviser to President Barack Obama, and Treasury secretary in the Clinton administration.

由曾任歐巴馬總統經濟顧問、柯林頓政府財政部長的桑默斯等國際金融專家組成的30人小組，最近在一份報告中總結道：「若無緊急、協調一致與持續的政策回應，世界大部分地區出現經濟空轉無成長的十年，仍是看來很可能的前景。」

The wealthiest nations have been cushioned by extraordinary surges of credit unleashed by central banks and government spending collectively estimated at more than $8 trillion. Developing countries have yet to receive help on such a scale.

那些最富裕的國家因有央行釋放巨額信貸，佐以政府的支出而獲得緩衝，總額合計逾8兆美元，開發中國家則未獲如此大規模的援助。

The IMF and World Bank have marshaled a relatively anemic response, in part because of the predilections of their largest shareholder, the United States.

國際貨幣基金與世界銀行做出的反應相對無力，部分原因是順應最大股東美國的意思。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5015842

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K353: About Canada - Quebec unlocks world’s only maple syrup strategic reserve

Quebec Maple Syrup Producers（QMSP）is releasing more than half of the world’s only strategic reserve of 45 million kg of maple syrup to keep up with soaring demand - avoiding a sticky situation for pancake lovers.

魁北克楓糖漿商會（QMSP）正釋出全球僅有的4500萬公斤楓糖漿戰略儲備的逾半儲量，以滿足高漲的需求，避免鬆餅迷無楓糖可吃。

Sales of maple syrup have climbed since the pandemic spread in 2019 and led to more people eating at home. Adding to the syrup squeeze, Quebec’s harvest in 2020 was the smallest in three years due to unusually warm weather.

自2019年疫情蔓延、導致人們更常在家吃飯以來，楓糖漿銷量一飛衝天。由於不尋常的溫暖氣候影響，魁北克省2020年的收成量創下3年新低，也使楓糖漿更加缺貨。

The Global Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve spans 24,805 square meters, the equivalent of five football fields, securing syrup in sterilized 170-liter barrels.

「全球策略性楓糖漿保留計畫」的儲備廠佔地2萬4805平方公尺，相當於5座足球場，楓糖漿則密封在170公升的滅菌桶中。

QMSP is also approving 7 million new taps during the next three years, a 14% increase, to bolster production.

QMSP也同意在3年內增採700萬棵楓樹，約增加14％，以提升楓糖漿生產量。

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To keep coronavirus out, Canada’s smallest province kept the rest of the country away 為了不讓新冠病毒進入 加拿大最小省分與全國其他地方保持距離

In the winter months, when icy conditions keep most people from traveling by sea, there are only two ways to enter Prince Edward Island: by plane or an eight-mile bridge.

在（因海面）冰凍以致大多數人無法搭船（上島）的冬季月份，只有兩種方式可以進入愛德華王子島：搭機或（開車走）8英里長的橋。

When the novel coronavirus started spreading around the world early this year, Canada’s smallest province, off the country’s eastern coast north of Nova Scotia, found itself at a geographical advantage. The island’s remoteness, paired with an aggressive isolation campaign that restricted nonessential travel and enforced two-week quarantines for those arriving in the province, paid dividends.

當今年稍早新冠病毒開始蔓延全球之際，這個位於加拿大東岸外海、新斯科舍省以北的加國最小省分，發現自己享有地理上的優勢。該島的偏僻性，再加上限制非必要旅遊以及蒞臨該省者強制檢疫2週的激進隔離活動，獲致良好效果。

By late April, as death counts were ticking upward in other parts of Canada and soaring in the United States, the province had confirmed just 27 cases of the virus — all of them linked to off-island travel. None of those patients was hospitalized, and no one died.

到了4月底，當加拿大其他地區的死亡人數向上攀升，美國的死亡人數也一飛沖天之際，該省只有27起新冠病毒確診病例─所有病例都與島外差旅有關。這些患者中無人住院，也無人死亡。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1506234 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1388474

Topic: Newspapers in New York, Like Their Readers, Are Vanishing

Kenny Hospot is in some ways a typical reader of The Daily News. He’s a construction worker from Queens who’s lived in the city most of his life. He always liked reading the comics and the horoscope in The News.

就某些方面而言，肯尼．霍斯帕堪稱每日新聞報的典型讀者。他是紐約市皇后區的一個建築工人，這一生大多數時間都住在這個城市。他一向愛看該報的漫畫和星座運勢。

How long since he last bought a copy of the paper? Hospot laughed. “I would say like 15 years.”

他上一次買這份報紙是多久之前？霍斯帕笑了，「我看大概有15年了吧。」

Kamel Brown is another archetypal customer for New York’s Hometown Newspaper, as The Daily News styles itself. He’s a maintenance worker for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. He’s 55 years old. He grew up buying the paper for his grandmother in Brooklyn. “When she was finished reading it, I’d pick it up, flip back and start with the sports,” Brown said.

對於自我定位為紐約家鄉報紙的每日新聞報，凱默．布朗是另一種典型讀者。他是都市交通局的維修工人，55歲。他在布魯克林區的成長過程中，常幫祖母買這份報紙。布朗說：「她看完後，我會拿過來，翻回去，從運動版開始看。」

He doesn’t remember the last time he bought it. When he paged through a copy at a friend’s home this past week, he was unimpressed.

他不記得上次買這份報紙是何時。過去這一周的某日他在友人家翻閱一分報紙時，很無感。

Tristan Dominguez, on the other hand, is still a big Daily News fan. “It’s the only place you see anything local,” Dominguez said at a bodega in Washington Heights, where a stack of papers sat behind the counter.

另一方面，崔斯坦．多明奎茲仍是新聞報的大粉絲。「這是你唯一能看到在地新聞的地方。」多明奎茲在華盛頓高地的一家雜貨店內說，櫃檯後方有一大疊報紙。

He reads the paper mostly online and through Twitter.

他大多數是上網或透過推特看這份報紙。

All of this helps explain why there was an air of inevitability about the news Monday that the organization was laying off half its editorial staff.

這些例子亦可說明，當這家報社決定資遣編輯部一半員工的消息周一（7月23日）傳出時，為何外界會覺得此事似難避免。

Once upon a time, The Daily News sold more than 2 million papers a day. Now its circulation is only about a tenth of that, and the paper’s non-hometown owner, the Chicago-based media company Tronc, which bought the paper in 2017, does not have the patience for non-profitability that the prior owner, Mort Zuckerman, did.

每日新聞報曾經一天賣出200萬分以上，現在發行量大約只剩十分之一。這家報社的非在地老闆、芝加哥的媒體公司Tronc，2017年買下每日新聞報，對於它未能獲利，並沒有前任老闆莫特．札克曼那般的耐性。

At a cultural moment when the very idea of New York City as a hometown is quickly dissolving, and when most people get their news from some sort of glowing screen, the thirst for local ink is not what it used to be.

在當下這個文化時刻，將紐約市當作家鄉的想法正在快速瓦解，而且大多數人是從某種閃爍的螢幕獲得新聞，對於在地新聞文字報導的渴求已不如以往。

And those who do crave hard-hitting coverage that holds officials accountable for the state of the city were not pleased to hear about the layoffs.

對於那些渴望看到逼官員為城市現況負起責任的強烈抨擊報導的人，聽到前述資遣消息並非樂事。

“You need those old-school people because they know what they’re doing,” Rosanne Nunziata, a manager at the New Apollo Diner in downtown Brooklyn, said of The Daily News’ staff of veteran shoe-leather reporters, many of whom are now pounding the pavement in search of employment. “They know how to sneak in and get their stories, and know how to get witnesses to talk and do their thing.”

布魯克林鬧區「新阿波羅餐館」經理羅珊娜．努齊亞塔說：「你需要這些老派人士，因為他們知道自己在做什麼。」她指的是新聞報本分且資深的記者，這些人中有不少正在路上奔走著找工作。「他們知道如何潛入並取得新聞，也知道如何讓目擊者開口，做好他們的工作。」

The New York Post, The Daily News’ longtime rival for tabloid dominance, has seen its circulation plummet, too. Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns The Post, has long tolerated the paper’s unprofitability, but there may come a time when his successors have far less stomach for red ink.

每日新聞報的長期對手，爭奪八卦小報霸主地位的紐約郵報，發行量也持續大跌。擁有紐約郵報的新聞集團老闆魯柏．梅鐸，長期容忍這家報紙未能獲利。但是也許有一天，他的接班人對赤字的容忍度會小得多。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/330084/web/

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Topic: Dumplings tempt New Yorkers with pizza, peanut butter flavors - and no human contact

紐約客現在可由一套不需要與人接觸的自動販賣機為他們料理餃子，喜歡嘗試新鮮的人可從義式臘腸披薩到花生醬、果醬等口味中選購。

While the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop in the city’s East Village offers traditional pork and chicken bite-sized treats, chicken parm or Philly cheesesteak are also on the menu.

位於這座城市東村的布魯克林餃子店，提供一口大小的傳統豬肉、雞肉餡點心，菜單上也有焗烤雞肉，或是費城牛肉起司三明治。

Spurred by the pandemic and technology advances, the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop is delivering food via automat 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

在這場疫情以及科技進步的帶動下，布魯克林餃子店正透過自動販賣機，全年無休24小時出餐。

"Embrace technology, because technology is something that has to be embraced by hospitality（business）to thrive," said the shop’s owner Stratis Morfogen.

「擁抱科技，因為餐旅（業）要蒸蒸日上，就得擁抱科技」，店老闆史特拉狄斯．摩佛根說。

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Topic: New York lawmakers pass bill allowing gender-neutral "X" option in govt documents 紐約州議員通過法案 允許政府文件中可選擇中立性別「X」

The New York state assembly has passed a bill that would allow people who do not identify as either male or female to use "X" as a marker to designate their sex on drivers’ licenses.

紐約州議會通過一項法案，允許認為自己既不是男性也不是女性的民眾，在駕照上標記其性別為X。

The new marker would help transgender, nonbinary and intersex individuals’ identity be recognized in government documents, according to a statement from Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie and Assembly member Daniel O’Donnell.

根據州眾議院議長希斯堤和州眾議員歐唐納發出的聲明，這項新註記會有助於跨性別、非二元性別和雙性人的性別認同，獲得政府文件承認。

"The provisions in this bill will make life safer, reduce the stigma and affirm the identities for so many of our friends and neighbors," O’Donnell said in the statement.

歐唐納在聲明中說，「這項法案中的該項條文，將讓人生活更安全，減少污名，並且確認我們廣大鄉親朋友的身分認同。」

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Topic: Looking Back on 100 Years of New York City Drinking Culture, From Gritty to Elegant

The history of drinking in America goes straight through the heart of New York. As with so many aspects of the city, that history has run from gritty to stylish and back again.

美國的飲酒歷史直接穿越紐約的心臟，就像這座城市的許多方面一樣，這段歷史經歷了從粗獷到風雅，再回到當初的過程。

For generations, taverns and saloons were largely places for men to gather, drink, gamble and chew tobacco. Those places could be discerning, as with Fraunces Tavern, a still-existent bar patronized in the 18th century by the likes of George Washington and his soldiers, or more suited to the average Joe, like McSorley’s Old Ale House, which opened in the mid-19th century and, until 1970, admitted only men.

數世代以來，酒館和酒吧大多是男人聚集、喝酒、賭博與嚼菸草的地方。這些地方可能是比較有品味的，像是18世紀喬治華盛頓和他旗下軍人經常光顧、至今依然存在的弗朗西斯酒館，也可能是更適合一般人的，像是19世紀中葉開業，且在1970年前只接待男性的麥克索利酒吧。

By the time McSorley’s had opened, many American bartenders had made a a of inventing what we now think of as craft cocktails. The atmosphere at these locales was often hostile and crude.Prohibition changed all that. The idea of bars as hospitable, welcoming spaces gained traction when liquor sales became illegal.

當麥克索利開業時，許多美國酒保已具備發明現今所謂精調雞尾酒的專長。這些地方的氣氛常常是不友善而且粗魯的。

With the advent of speak-easies, owners and bartenders suddenly had a new clientele: women. The social appeal of speak-easies pulled them into new and vibrant communal spaces. Alongside the new customers came bar stools, live jazz and a new breed of cocktails.

禁酒令改變了這一切。當賣酒變成非法時，酒吧是個好客、歡迎人的場所的想法才流行起來。隨著地下酒吧的出現，業主和酒保突然有了一個新的客群：婦女。地下酒吧的社會吸引力將她們拉進新的、充滿活力的公共空間。除了新客群，還出現了酒吧高腳凳、現場爵士樂與新一代雞尾酒。

Despite the end of Prohibition in 1933, these changes to New York’s drinking culture endured, opening up the cocktail scene to a broader audience.

禁酒令雖於1933年廢止，紐約飲酒文化的這些變化卻持續了下來，將雞尾酒的舞台向更廣泛的觀眾開放。

By the 1960s and into the ‘80s and ‘90s, bar culture in New York had become as varied and textured as the city itself. Cocktail bars got yet another revival at the Rainbow Room, where Dale DeGroff took over the drinks program. In the Village, the Stonewall Inn and others became centers for gay culture, while uptown venues like the Shark Bar attracted a mostly African-American clientele.

到了1960年代並進入1980和1990年代，紐約的酒吧文化已變得跟城市本身一樣多采多姿。 雞尾酒酒吧在戴爾．第格洛夫接管酒單的彩虹廳又迎來一次流行。在紐約格林威治村，石牆酒吧等處所成了同性戀文化的中心，而鯊魚酒吧等曼哈頓上城場所則吸引了以非洲裔美國人為主的客群。

Today, despite an unfortunate turnover rate, modern New York cocktail bars are doing their best to foster a sense of community and hospitality.

現今，儘管翻桌率很低，但現代的紐約雞尾酒酒吧正盡最大努力營造一種社群意識和好客氣氛。

It’s this spirit that an editorial writer for The Brooklyn Eagle captured in an 1885 column (quoted by David Wondrich in his book “Imbibe”). “The modern American,” the paper observed, “looks for civility and he declines to go where rowdy instincts are rampant.”

這正是《布魯克林鷹報》一位主筆1885年在專欄中提到的精神（大衛·旺德里奇在所著《飲酒》一書中引用了這段文字）。該報評論道：「現代美國人追求文明有禮，他拒絕去那些粗暴本能猖獗的地方。」

But American bars are not by definition civil. Luckily, it’s as easy to find your watering hole fit today as it was a century ago.

但從定義上說，美國酒吧並非文明的。幸運的是，今天很容易找到適合你的酒吧，跟一個世紀前一樣。Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/335069/web/

主題：形容有趣跟善良還有什麼說法 Other ways to say “interesting” and “kind”

Other ways to say – Interesting 有趣 adj.

-Fascinating 迷人

Yesterday we went to a fascinating new cafe.

-Striking 驚人

Her make-up was very striking.

-Buzzworthy 值得討論

He even paid employees to find buzzworthy stories for him to tweet.

-Intriguing 有趣/使有興趣

He found an intriguing subject for the future research.

-Gripping 扣人心弦

I found the book so gripping that I couldn't put it down.

-Amusing 有趣/好玩

She writes amusing articles about politicians.

-Entertaining 有娛樂性

The book is short but entertaining.

Other ways to say: Kind 善良 adj.

-Sympathetic 有同情心

Jill was a sympathetic listener.

-Good/large/warm – hearted 有溫暖的心

She's a good, warm-hearted woman.

-Generous 慷慨

It was generous of you to lend me the money.

-Amiable 和藹可親

He seemed an amiable young man.

-Considerate 體貼/體諒人的

It was very considerate of you to include me.

-Gentle 溫柔

Joe is such a gentle, loving boy.

-Gracious 親切/善意

He was gracious enough to invite us to his home.

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Tell a story about a friend / family member who is interesting or kind

Pick 4 words to make sentences

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K352: About Japan - JR East to raise fares by 10 yen to improve disabled accessibility

East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) will become the first railway operator to hike passenger fares and use the funds to improve accessibility for the disabled.

東日本旅客鐵道公司（JR東日本）將成為第一家調漲客運票價，並將這筆資金用來改善供殘障人士使用的無障礙設施的鐵道業者。

The plan is to tack on 10 yen (8 cents) to a ticket for JR East’s 16 major lines, including the Yamanote, Chuo and Keihin-Tohoku lines. The increase will go into effect from spring 2023.

該計畫是要將包括山手線、中央線與京濱東北線等16條JR東日本主要路線的票價調漲10日圓（8美分）。新的票價將自2023年春天起生效。

The transport ministry in December 2021 created a new system of adding fares to a ticket to pay for the installation of platform safety doors and elevators at train stations.

（日本）國土交通省在2021年12月創設一項新制度，將調漲的票價金額用來支付在車站設置月台安全門與電梯的費用。

Ministry officials said JR East is the first railway company to announce a specific plan.

國土交通省官員說，JR東日本是第一個（因應該制度）宣布明確計畫的鐵道業者。

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Tasty TV: Japanese professor creates flavorful screen 美味的電視：日本教授發明有滋味的螢幕

Japan’s Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita has developed a prototype lickable TV screen that can imitate food flavors, another step towards creating a multi-sensory viewing experience.

日本明治大學教授宮下芳明發明出一款可舔式原型電視螢幕，具有模仿食物味道的功能，朝創造多感官收視體驗邁進另一步。

The device, called Taste the TV (TTTV), uses a carousel of 10 flavor canisters that spray in combination to create the taste of a particular food. The flavor sample then rolls on hygienic film over a flat TV screen for the viewer to try.

這個名為「品嚐電視」的裝置內部設置裝有10種口味的罐子，可噴出調製成特定食物的味道，再輸送到平面電視螢幕的衛生薄膜上，讓觀看者品嚐。

In the COVID-19 era, this kind of technology can enhance the way people connect and interact with the outside world, said Miyashita.

宮下說，在新冠肺炎流行時期，這樣的科技可改善人們與外界連結和互動的方式。

"The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while staying at home," he said. A commercial version would cost about 100,000 yen to make.

他說：「目標是讓人們即使待在家，也能擁有類似於在世界另一端上餐廳吃飯的體驗。」商業機製作成本約為10萬日圓（約2萬4300台幣）。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1510384 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1510139

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K351: 侵權爭議大 紐約機器警犬計畫喊卡 NYPD Robot Dog’s Run Is Cut Short After Fierce Backlash

When the New York Police Department acquired a robotic dog last year, officials heralded the four-legged device as a futuristic tool that could go places that were too dangerous to send officers.

當紐約市警局去年獲得一隻機器犬時，官員預告，這個四條腿的裝置是個未來性工具，能去因太過危險而無法派警員前往的地方執勤。

“This dog is going to save lives,” Inspector Frank Digiacomo of the department’s Technical Assistance Response Unit said in a television interview in December. “It’s going to protect people. It’s going to protect officers.”

「這隻狗將可拯救生命。」警局技術協助反應小組巡官法蘭克‧狄吉亞柯摩去年12月接受電視訪問時說，「它將能保護民眾，它將能保護警察。」

Instead, the machine, which the police named Digidog, became a source of heated debate. After it was seen being deployed as part of the response to a home invasion in the Bronx in February, critics likened it to a dystopian surveillance drone. And when officers used it at a public-housing building in Manhattan this month, a backlash erupted again, with some people describing the device as emblematic of how overly aggressive the police can be when dealing with poor communities.

然而，這個被警方取名為「數位犬」的機器，卻成了引發激烈爭論的源頭。今年2月它奉派加入處理布朗克斯區一樁住宅入侵案的團隊，批評者將它與敵托邦無人偵察機相提並論。而當警察本月在一棟國宅使用它時，反彈再度爆發，有些人表示，這個裝置具體說明了警方在處理貧窮社區事務時侵犯性有多麼過分。

Now, the robotic dog’s days in the city have quietly been cut short.

如今，這隻機器犬在這座城市的日子已悄悄地提前結束了。

In response to a subpoena from City Councilman Ben Kallos and Council Speaker Corey Johnson requesting records related to the device, police officials said a contract worth roughly $94,000 to lease the robotic dog from its maker, Boston Dynamics, had been terminated April 22.

紐約市議員班‧卡洛斯和議長柯瑞‧強生發出傳票，要求警局交出和這個裝置有關的紀錄，警局官員回應時表示，以9萬4000美元向製造商「波士頓動力公司」租用機器犬的合約，已於4月22日終止。

John Miller, the Police Department’s deputy commissioner for intelligence and counterterrorism, confirmed late last month that the contract had been canceled and that the dog had been returned to Boston Dynamics or would be soon.

警局主管情報與反恐的副局長約翰‧米勒四月底證實，合約已經取消，機器犬已還給波士頓動力公司，或即將交還。

In an interview, Miller said that the lease had been scheduled to end in August and that the police had planned to test the robotic dog’s capabilities until then. The department changed its plans, he said, after the device became a “target” for people who he said had improperly used it to fuel arguments about race and surveillance.

米勒受訪時說，租約原應於8月結束，警方也計畫測試機器犬的能力直到租約結束。他表示，然而在這個裝置成為箭靶，被一些有心人不恰當的用來挑起關於種族和監視的爭論之後，警局改變了計畫。

“People had figured out the catchphrases and the language to somehow make this evil,” Miller said.

米勒說：「民眾找到某種程度讓這個東西變邪惡的口號和語言。」

Kallos, a Democrat who represents the Upper East Side, took a different position, saying the device’s presence in New York underscored what he called the “militarization of the police.” He said the robotic dogs resembled those featured in the 2017 “Metalhead” episode of the television show “Black Mirror.”

代表上東區的民主黨籍市議員卡洛斯採取不一樣的立場，他說這個裝置出現在紐約，突顯了他所稱的「警察軍隊化」。他說機器犬如同電視影集「黑鏡」2017年的其中一集「金屬頭」裡的主要角色。

“At a time where we should be having more beat cops on the street, building relationships with residents, they’re actually headed in another direction in trying to replace them with robots,” he said.

「此際我們理應在街上安排更多的巡邏員警，和居民建立關係，他們實際上卻反其道而行，試圖用機器取代警察。」Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5443820

新的一季Vocab，我們會每週週三準時上架，讓大家收聽全英時事討論，吸收主題相關詞彙用語以及觀點~ 也開放聽眾來信或投稿主題喔！

Summary:

Angel and I discuss the other uses of the word - "outlet" in situations other than in retail. Most Taiwanese people know the word "outlet" from "outlet malls". Today, the malls are mega parks for families. Mitsui corporation is now opening outlet parks all over Taiwan to tap into a new market for weekend domestic travellers. What are your favorite outlet malls? Come and write to us!

Mitsui Outlet Park Tainan: https://www.mop.com.tw/tainan/tw/index.html

Vocabulary:

1. Power outlet 電源插座

With so many electronics at home, we need to install more power outlets. 家裏電器用品很多，我們需要安裝更多電源插座。

1. Flagship store 旗艦店

Luxury brands like to set their flagship stores in the major cities of the world. 精品品牌喜歡設置他們的旗艦店在世界各地的大城市裡。

1. Novel 新潮/新鮮的

Mitsui outlet park has many novel clothing and food stores. 三井Outlet台南有許多新潮服飾與餐廳。

更多Vocab Podcast節目: https://www.15mins.today/vocab

歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : [email protected]

商業合作/贊助來信：[email protected]

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K350: What to know about aphasia, Bruce Willis’ diagnosis

The news that film star Bruce Willis has retired from acting due to aphasia has shone a spotlight on the poorly understood communication disorder.

電影明星布魯斯·威利斯（Bruce Willis）因失語症而退出演藝界的消息引起了人們對這種知之甚少的溝通障礙的關注。

“Aphasia just means that someone has a problem with language that they weren’t born with,” Hugo Botha, a neurologist at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota explained.

“失語症只是意味著某人的語言有問題，而他們並不是天生的，”明尼蘇達州梅奧診所的神經學家Hugo Botha解釋。

The most common cause is stroke or head injury — and experts stress that while it can affect the production and comprehension of both speech and written words, it normally doesn’t impact intelligence.

最常見的原因是中風或頭部受傷 - 專家強調，雖然它會影響言語和書面文字的產生和理解，但它通常不會影響智力。

It affects some two million Americans, according to the National Aphasia Association, making it more common than Parkinson’s Disease, cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

根據美國國家失語症協會的數據，它影響了大約200萬美國人，使其比帕金森病，腦癱或肌肉萎縮症更常見。

While it’s normally caused by a specific one-time event such as stroke, “there are other possibilities, such as from a neurodegenerative disease,” or a growing tumor, explained Brenda Rapp, a cognitive scientist at Johns Hopkins University.

雖然它通常是由特定的一次性事件引起的，如中風，但「還有其他可能性，例如來自神經退行性疾病」或不斷增長的腫瘤，約翰霍普金斯大學的認知科學家Brenda Rapp解釋說。

In such cases the damage is progressive and therapy focuses on preventing further loss of function.

在這種情況下，損傷是漸進的，治療的重點是防止進一步的功能喪失。

The brain system governing language is a “very complex machine” that involves selecting the right words, moving the mouth appropriately to vocalize them, and on the other end hearing and decoding their meaning, said Rapp.

拉普說，支配語言的大腦系統是一個「非常複雜的機器」，包括選擇正確的單詞，適當地移動嘴巴來發聲，另一端聽到和解碼它們的含義。

Everyone occasionally struggles to find the right word, “but you could imagine in aphasia, this happens a lot,” she added.

每個人偶爾都會努力尋找合適的詞，“但你可以想像在失語症中，這種情況經常發生，”她補充說。

Doctors sometimes split aphasia into broad clinical categories which correlate to where in the brain injury occurred.

醫生有時會將失語症分為廣泛的臨床類別，這些類別與腦損傷發生的地點相關。

In expressive aphasia, people “usually understand fairly well but have trouble getting words out,” said speech pathologist Brooke Hatfield, of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). The brain is extremely plastic, and speech therapy can engage other parts of it to “bypass the roadblocks” of the damaged areas, and forge new connections, said Rapp.

在表達性失語症中，人們“通常理解得很好，但很難把單詞說出來，”美國言語 - 語言 - 聽力協會（ASHA）的言語病理學家Brooke Hatfield說。Rapp說，大腦的可塑性極強，言語治療可以讓大腦的其他部分參與進來，以「繞過受損區域的障礙」，並建立新的聯繫。

Such therapy also teaches people to talk around the subject if they get stuck on a specific word.

Family members can also develop strategies to make themselves better understood: “Things like shorter sentences, and making sure that you’re talking to the person in full view instead of the other room, and minimizing background noise,” said Botha.

這種療法還教會人們在遇到特定單詞時圍繞該主題進行交談。

家庭成員也可以制定策略，讓自己更好地理解：「比如較短的句子，確保你在眾目睽睽之下而不是在另一個房間與人交談，並盡量減少背景噪音，“Botha說。

Some people do well with assistive devices because their ability to write isn’t affected in the same way.

Over the horizon, there are experimental treatments that combine electrical stimulation of the brain with speech therapy that have shown promise in recovering function, said Rapp.

有些人在使用輔助設備時做得很好，因為他們的寫作能力不會受到同樣的影響。

Rapp說，在未來，有實驗性的治療方法將大腦的電刺激與言語治療相結合，這些療法在恢復功能方面顯示出希望。

In the case of progressive aphasia, developing drugs that target the build up of protein plaques and tangles in the brain that cause neurodegenerative disease are thought to be the way forward.

在進行性失語症的情況下，開發針對導致神經退行性疾病的蛋白質斑塊和纏結在大腦中積聚的藥物被認為是前進的方向。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/04/12/2003776424

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K349: About France - France bans unlimited sugary drink refills

Restaurants and other spaces catering to the public in France have been banned from offering unlimited sugary drinks in an effort to reduce obesity. It is now illegal to sell unlimited soft drinks at a fixed price or offer them unlimited for free.

在法國，餐廳以及其他對公眾提供餐飲服務的場所，已被禁止無限量供應含糖飲料，以致力減少肥胖。以固定價格販售無限量的非酒精飲料，或無限量地免費供應它們，現在皆屬違法。

The World Health Organization （WHO） recommends taxing sugary drinks, linking them to obesity and diabetes. The new law in France targets soft drinks, including sports drinks containing added sugar or sweeteners. All public eateries, from fast-food joints to school canteens, are affected. The aim of the law is to "limit, especially among the young, the risks of obesity, overweight and diabetes" in line with WHO recommendations.

世界衛生組織（WHO）建議對含糖飲料課稅，並將它們與肥胖及糖尿病建立關連。法國這項新法鎖定的非酒精飲料，包括添加糖或甜味劑的運動飲料。所有公眾餐飲店，從速食店到學校餐廳都受到影響。該法的目的是「限制，特別是年輕族群，肥胖、過重與糖尿病風險」，以符合WHO的建議。

A recent Eurostat survey of adult obesity put the French at 15.3%, which is just below the EU average of 15.9%. France was slimmer than the UK （20.1%） but fatter than Italy （10.7%）. Past the age of 30, nearly 57% of French men are overweight or obese, according to a report published in October by the French medical journal Bulletin Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire. Some 41% of women in the same age category are also overweight or obese, the study found.

歐盟統計局近期針對成人肥胖的調查顯示，法國為15.3%，略低於歐盟平均值15.9%。法國比英國（20.1%）苗條，但比義大利肥胖（10.7%）。而根據法國醫學期刊「流行病學週報」去年10月刊登的一份報告，年過30歲後，近57%的法國男人過重或肥胖。同一年齡組有約41%女性也是過重或肥胖，該研究發現。

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’You’ve won your weight in oysters!’ - note in shells stops thieves（「你已贏得和你體重相當的生蠔！」 殼內放紙條阻偷竊）

When thieves stole three tonnes of oysters from French 60-year-old shellfish farmer Christophe Guinot, he came up with a solution: planting secret notes inside oyster shells to help police track down the thieves.

在被小偷竊取3噸生蠔後，60歲的法國貝類養殖業者克里斯多福．朱諾特想出一個解決方案：在生蠔殼內放入秘密紙條，幫助警察追蹤竊賊。

The oysters are reared in cages, attached by wires to a metal frame that stops them drifting away. Thieves take a boat out to the cages and pluck them from the water.

生蠔被養在籠具內，籠具以線綁在金屬框架上，避免漂走。小偷會乘船到籠具，把籠具從水中拔走。

Guinot takes an empty oyster shell, insert a tiny rolled-up note, glue the shell back together and drop it into the cage. The note tells whoever opens the shell that they have won their own weight in oysters, and invites them to call to claim their prize.

於是朱諾特取來空的生蠔殼，放入一小張捲起來的紙條，再用膠水黏合放回籠內。紙條告訴打開的人，他們贏得和自己體重相當的生蠔，邀請他們致電領獎。

Anyone claiming their prize could be asked where they bought the oysters, and if it was not from somewhere that Guinot supplies, he could set the police on the trail of the thieves.

領獎的人會被詢問是在哪裡買生蠔，一旦不是從朱諾特供應的廠商購入，他就會報警提供竊賊線索。Source article: https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1091689 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1511511

Topic: About animals - Treating wounds with insects: the strange habits of Gabon chimps

How to treat a wound? For humans, the first instinct would be to disinfect it and then cover it with a bandage. But chimpanzees have invented a more creative method: catching insects and applying them directly to the open wound.

應該如何處理傷口呢？對於人類來說，第一個反應是對其進行消毒，然後用繃帶包紮。但黑猩猩發明了一種更有創意的方法：用昆蟲並將牠們直接塗抹在開放性傷口上。

Scientists observed this behavior in chimpanzees in the West African nation of Gabon, noticing that the apes not only use insects to treat their own wounds, but also those of their peers.

科學家們在西非國家加彭的黑猩猩身上觀察到這種行為，並注意到這些猿類不僅使用昆蟲來治療自己的傷口，還用來治療同伴。

The project began in 2019, when an adult female chimpanzee named Suzee was observed inspecting a wound on the foot of her adolescent son. Suzee then suddenly caught an insect out of the air, put it in her mouth, apparently squeezed it, and then applied it to her son’s wound.

這項研究計畫始於2019年，科學家當時觀察到一隻名叫蘇西（Suzee）的成年雌黑猩猩，正在檢查牠青少年兒子腳上的傷口。接著，蘇西突然從空中抓了一隻蟲子，放進嘴裡抿碎，然後敷在牠兒子的傷口上。

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Topic: Deer runs into hospital, up escalator; later is euthanized 一隻鹿闖進醫院搭上電梯隨後被安樂死

News outlets reported that surveillance video showed a deer bounding into Our Lady of the Lake Hospital in Baton Rouge in Louisiana through an open door and stumbling on the slippery floor as stunned workers and visitors watched from a few feet away.

監視影片顯示，有一隻鹿從路易斯安那州巴頓魯治聖母湖醫院開放的大門跳進院內後，在易滑的地板上跌倒，震驚的工作人員和訪客在幾呎外目睹一切。

The deer regained its footing enough to climb up the escalator and reach the second floor, where it was finally corralled and held down by several people.

這隻鹿站穩腳步後爬進電梯搭到二樓，才終於被許多人一同壓制及捕捉。

The deer was loaded on a hospital bed that was rolled outside to a truck from the The Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Department.

這隻鹿被放置在醫院病床上，推往路易斯安那野生動物和漁業部的卡車。

The animal had to be euthanized because of injuries, the agency said, adding there were indications it may have been struck by a vehicle before entering the building.

該機構說，由於這隻動物傷重，必須被安樂死。他們也補充道，牠看起來應該是進入醫院前遭汽車撞擊。

"Patient care has not been interrupted and the area is being thoroughly sanitized," said a statement by the hospital.

醫院聲明指出：「病患照護未受干擾，事發區域也已徹底消毒。」Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1501725 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1502232

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Topic: Kangaroos can learn to communicate with humans, researchers say

Kangaroos can learn to communicate with humans similar to how domesticated dogs do, by using their gaze to "point" and ask for help, researchers said in a study published on Wednesday.

研究人員在週三發表的一份研究中說，和被馴化的狗類似，袋鼠可以學習和人類溝通，利用凝視來「指向」並尋求協助。

The study involved 11 kangaroos that lived in captivity but had not been domesticated. Ten of the 11 marsupials intently gazed at researchers when they were unable to open a box with food, according to the report. Nine alternately looked at the human and at the container, as a way of pointing or gesturing toward the object.

這份研究涉及11隻圈養但未經馴化的袋鼠。根據這份報告，這11隻有袋動物的其中10隻，在打不開一個裝有食物的盒子時，專注凝視研究人員。9隻交替看著人和容器，做為指向或是朝該物體示意的一種方法。

"We interpreted this as a deliberate form of communication, a request for help," Alan McElligott, the Irish researcher who led the study, told Reuters in a call.

主導這起研究的愛爾蘭研究人員亞倫‧麥克利戈特在電話中告訴路透，「我們將之解釋為一種刻意的溝通形式，是一種求助。」

The findings challenge the notion that only domesticated animals such as dogs, horses or goats communicate with humans.

這項發現挑戰了只有諸如狗、馬或山羊這類被馴化的動物會和人類溝通的觀念。

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Topic: 2 pythons weighing 100 pounds collapse ceiling in Australia （澳洲2條合計100磅的蟒蛇壓垮天花板）

An Australian David Tait entered his home in Laceys Creek in Queensland state and was surprised to find a large chunk of the ceiling lying on his kitchen table. "I knew we hadn’t had rain, so I looked around to find what had caused it," Tait said.

一名澳洲民眾大衛．泰特回到位於昆士蘭州萊西溪市的家時，驚訝地發現一大片天花板躺在廚房餐桌上。泰特說：「我知道沒下雨，所以我四處張望尋找事發原因。」

He soon found two culprits, non-venomous carpet pythons 2.8 meters and 2.5 meters long, that had slithered into a bedroom and living room. The snakes have an estimated combined weight of 45 kilograms.

他很快發現2隻罪魁禍首，各為2.8公尺及2.5公尺的無毒地毯蟒爬進了臥室和客廳。這2隻蟒蛇合計重達45公斤。

Snake catcher Steven Brown was called to remove the two snakes. "I would assume that it was two males fighting over a female that was nearby in the roof," he said. He suspected the female could still be in the ceiling or nearby.

捕蛇專家史蒂芬．布朗被叫來抓2隻蟒蛇。他說：「我想是2隻公蟒為了待在天花板附近的1隻母蟒在打架。」他懷疑，那隻母蟒或許還待在天花板或附近一帶。

The males were returned to the wild, but the suspected third snake hasn’t been found.

2隻公蟒被野放，疑似還在屋內的第3隻蟒蛇下落不明。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422528 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1420019

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Topic: Fly south or roost? Canadian ’snowbirds’ weigh Florida mid-pandemic

Birds of a feather normally flock together, but the pandemic has divided Canada’s "snowbird" warm weather migrants into two camps：those staying home this winter and those heading to Florida no matter the cost.

通常來說，物以類聚，但是這場疫情已經使加拿大每年遷徙到氣候溫暖區的「雪鳥族」分成兩陣營：待在家鄉過冬，以及不計代價前往佛州者。

Nearly a million Canadians make the annual pilgrimage, fleeing to the southern United States to pass what would otherwise be gray and snowy months with their toes tucked in the sand and ocean breeze in their hair.

每年有將近100萬名加拿大人飛奔到美國南方，享受漫步沙灘、和煦海風吹過髮梢，度過在家鄉會是滿是灰白雪世界的幾個月。

The coronavirus has led a majority to forgo the trip this year － but for those flouting Canada’s repeated calls to stay put, the price tag on winter at the beach has skyrocketed.

新型冠狀病毒導致今年大多數人放棄這趟旅程，但是對那些不顧加拿大一再呼籲不要旅行的人來說，到南方沙灘過冬的代價飛漲。

Each plane ticket costs Can$500 and hauling the vehicle 55 miles across the border sets customers back $1,000.

每張機票要500加幣，把車子運送55英里越過邊境，則要花上1000加幣。

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Topic: Canadian officials warn drivers not to let moose lick their cars 加拿大官員警告駕駛 不要讓駝鹿舔他們的車

Officials in Jasper, an alpine town in Canada’s Alberta province, have put up signs asking motorists to avoid allowing moose to lick the salt off their cars.

加拿大亞伯達省高山小鎮賈斯柏的官員們，已經張貼標語要求駕駛人不得允許駝鹿舔他們車外的鹽。

"They’re obsessed with salt, it’s one of the things they need for the minerals in their body," Jasper National Park spokesman Steve Young told CNN. "They usually get it from salt lakes in the park, but now they realized they can also get road salt that splashes onto cars."

「他們癡迷於鹽，鹽是其中一種牠們身體必需的礦物質」，賈斯柏國家公園發言人史蒂夫．楊告訴美國有線電視新聞網，「他們通常會從公園的湖鹽獲取它（礦物質），但現在他們知道，他們也能從濺在車上的路鹽得到」。

At the Jasper National Park, where people often park on the side of the road in hopes of catching a glimpse of the moose, letting the animals near your car is actually a serious danger.

賈斯柏國家公園內時常有人停車在路邊，希望能得到駝鹿的注意，但讓動物接近你的車，其實是非常危險的。

By allowing moose to lick the salt off your car, they will become habituated with being around cars. That poses a risk to both the animals and the drivers who can accidentally crash into them.

允許駝鹿舔你的車外的鹽，將會讓牠們習慣徘徊於車子旁邊。對動物及可能意外與牠們相撞的駕駛人都構成風險。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1422097