通勤學英語 15Mins Today

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K163: About South Africa - 救South Africa is considering letting women have multiple husbands

South Africa’s government is considering allowing women to have multiple husbands, a possibility that has thrown the country’s conservatives into uproar.

南非政府正在考慮允許女性擁有多名丈夫，這種可能性使該國保守派一片譁然。

The proposal to allow polyandry was included in a green paper from South Africa’s Department of Home Affairs, which hopes to make marriage more inclusive.

這項允許一妻多夫的提議已經被納入南非內政部的綠皮書中，希望使婚姻更具包容性。

South Africa has one of the world’s most liberal constitutions, embracing same-sex marriages for all and polygamy for men.

南非有世界上最自由的憲法之一，接受所有性別的同性婚姻與男性的一夫多妻。

Businessman and TV personality Musa Mseleku - who has four wives - is among those opposed to polyandry.

有四名妻子的企業家兼電視名人穆薩．姆斯萊庫是反對一妻多夫制的其中一人。

’’This will destroy African culture.’’ Mseleku said. ’’The woman cannot now take the role of the man. It’s unheard of.’’

「這會摧毀非洲文化。」姆斯萊庫說。「女性不能扮演男性的角色。這是前所未聞的。」

The idea that polyandry is not African was also prevalent among religious leaders, the Department of Home Affairs found.

內政部發現，一妻多夫「不非洲」的想法也流傳於宗教領袖中。

Next

11 S.African miners rescued, none still trapped 11 名南非礦工獲救，已無人受困

Eleven men who became trapped in an illegal gold mine in South Africa were rescued on Sunday, but an unknown number remained underground fearing arrest.

受困於南非非法金礦的11名男子在週日獲救，但仍有數目不詳的礦工因害怕被捕而待在地底。

The men, who were all uninjured, were immediately handed over to police. Rescue officials said many others were now able to leave the mine but had refused to come out while officials were present.

這些男子都未受傷，隨即轉交警方處理。救難人員說，其他許多人現在有能力自己離開礦井，但拒絕在警方在場的時候出來。

"We managed to retrieve 11 young men. We believe they are South Africans, they have been treated and handed over to the police," municipal emergency and rescue services official Rogger Mamaila told AFP.

「我們設法營救出11名年輕男子，我們認為他們是南非人，他們已經接受治療並轉交給警方。」緊急搜救官員馬梅拉告訴法新社。

Police spokesman Mack Mngomezulu told AFP a number of men remained in the abandoned mine east of Johannesburg and were refusing to come out.

警局發言人門戈彌祖魯告訴法新社，有一些男子還待在約翰尼斯堡東邊的廢棄礦井，而且拒絕出來。

The number of people still down there remains unclear -- around 30 miners who were trapped at a shallow level had earlier told rescuers from a private operator ER24 that there were 200 others stuck at a level underneath them.

仍待在地下的人數依舊不清楚--約30名受困在淺層地底的礦工早先告訴民營緊急救難隊ER24的救難人員，還有兩百人困在更下層。

That was never confirmed, however, with local municipal officials insisting there were only around 30 people trapped.

這項消息一直未獲證實，當地官員堅持只有大約30人受困。

Mamaila declared the rescue operation closed around two hours after the 11 were brought to the surface.

馬梅拉宣稱搜救行動在11名礦工被帶上地面後2小時結束。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1458633; http://iservice.ltn.com.tw/Service/english/english.php?engno=781592&day=2014-05-24

更多通勤學英語Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K162: About generations - Gen-Z is now spending more than it did before the pandemic

OK boomer, you may have money, but you’re not spending it.

好啦，老人，你們或許有錢，但是你們不花錢。

Younger consumers, even though they have less saved than older Americans, are the ones opening their wallets as the U.S. economy recovers.

在美國經濟復甦之際，年輕一輩的消費者儘管存款比老一輩的人還少，卻是掏出荷包花錢的一群人。

Millennials and members of Generation Z are spending even more than they did before the pandemic as vaccines proliferate around the world, American Express Co. Chief Executive Officer Steve Squeri said during a virtual investor conference.

隨著疫苗在全球普及，千禧世代和Z世代現在比疫情前花更多錢，「美國運通」公司執行長史奎利在一場投資人視訊會議上說。

"We assumed there was such pent-up demand － not only for travel, but such a pent-up demand for consumer goods － that the U.S. recovery would be like it is right now," Squeri said.

「我們之前就推測會有這種被壓抑的潛在需求——不僅是對旅遊，也是對消費性商品的需求被壓抑——讓美國經濟復甦會如現在所見」，史奎利說。

"They’re at "125% spending of what their pre-Covid levels were in 2019."

「他們現在花的錢，是疫情前的2019年的125%。」

Next Article

Harvard Study Suggests Millennials Have Given Up on Democracy 哈佛研究指出，千禧世代已放棄民主

Young people around the world are losing faith in democracy. A new Harvard study reveals that millennials in the United States and Europe do not think as highly about democracy as their parents do. In fact, many young people are willing to get rid of elections.

全世界的年輕人正對民主失去信心。一份哈佛新研究揭露，美國和歐洲的千禧世代不如他們的父母那樣看好民主。事實上，許多年輕人願意擺脫選舉。

The study, which appears in the Journal of Democracy, analyzed historical data on attitudes towards the government in North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. What researchers found was a growing shift towards political radicalism in today’s youth. For example, millennials in the United States and Europe are more open to the idea of military coups than their parents.

這份刊登在《民主期刊》上的研究分析北美、西歐、澳洲和紐西蘭對於政府態度的歷史資料。研究人員發現，時下的年輕人逐漸轉向政治上的激進主義。例如，美國和歐洲的千禧世代比起他們的父母，對於軍事政變的觀念更加開放。

Only 19% of millennials in the U.S. believe that it would be illegitimate for the military to take over if the government were incompetent or failing to do its job. Meanwhile, only a third of US millennials believe civil rights are "absolutely essential" in a democracy.

美國千禧世代只有19%相信，如果政府無能或失敗，軍事接管是不合法的。另一方面，美國千禧世代僅有3分之1相信，公民權利在民主政治中是「絕對必要」。

When it comes to elections, more than a quarter of US millennials do not believe free elections are important to democracy. "They have become more cynical about the value of democracy as a political system." the researchers said.

論及選舉時， 美國千禧世代有超過4分之1不相信，自由選舉對民主政治是重要的。研究人員指出：「對於民主作為一套政治體系，他們對其價值變得更憤世嫉俗。」Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1457830; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1059155

更多通勤學英語Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.K161: Night Golf Is Taking Over South Korea

City lights shimmer in the distance.

城市燈光在遠處閃爍。

Shadows splay in every direction on glowing green grass.

陰影在閃閃發光的綠色草地上向四面八方伸展。

It’s close to midnight, the moon hangs high in the dark night sky, and South Koreans are still outside, golfing.

現時已接近午夜，月亮高懸在漆黑夜空中，南韓民眾仍在戶外打高爾夫球。

This is “white night” golf, a nocturnal sports phenomenon in South Korea that reflects the still surging popularity of the sport there, the persistent challenges many encounter in nabbing a tee time in the country’s dense cities and the lengths to which some will nevertheless go to get one.

這就是「白夜」高球，南韓一種夜間運動現象，反映高球在南韓人氣持續攀升，許多人在人口密集城市內要預約打球遇到挑戰，不過有些人還是想辦法要打到球。

South Korea is the third-largest market for golf in the world, behind only the United States and Japan.

南韓是世界第三大高球市場，僅次於美國和日本。

For golf fans worldwide, the game’s grip on the country is most easily observed in its surplus of elite professional players, particularly in the women’s game. As of last week, 32 of the top 100 players in the women’s world rankings, including four of the top 10, were from South Korea.

對世界各地球迷來說，高球對南韓的吸引力，從菁英職業球員充斥南韓人最容易看出，尤其女子高球界。截至上周，世界排名前100的女子高球選手有32人來自南韓，前10名就有4位。

But on the ground, golf is very much a participatory pastime, even if the popularity of the sport and the undersupply of courses in metropolitan areas make opportunities to actually play scarce and expensive. Seoul, a city of nearly 10 million people, has only one course, and it is open only to military personnel.

但在當地，高球主要是一種大家親自下場的消遣，即便這種運動太受歡迎加上都會區球場供應不足，使得打球機會很少又昂貴。擁有近1000萬人口的首爾只有一個球場，且只對軍人開放。

Some make do with screen golf, a virtual simulation game played indoors, which has become its own booming pastime in South Korea, with some facilities offering 24-hour service.

有些人只好改玩螢幕高爾夫，這是一種在室內玩的虛擬模擬遊戲，在南韓已成為蓬勃發展的娛樂，一些場所提供24小時服務。

But golfers understandably desire the real thing. So what do you do when the demand for tee times outstrips the sunlight in a given day?

但可以理解的是，打高球的人渴望真實的東西，因此當某天打球時間的需求量超過日照時間，你該怎麼辦？

According to Seo Chun-beom, president of the Korea Leisure Industry Institute, South Korea now boasts a whopping 117 golf courses of 18 holes or more that offer nighttime play for willing golfers, with tee times as late as 8 p.m. Seo said there are countless other 9-hole courses that also feature floodlights and do not close until midnight or later.

韓國休閒產業研究所所長徐千範說，南韓目前有117座18洞或以上的高球場，可讓想打球的人在夜間打球，打球時間到晚上8點。 徐俊範說，還有其他無數個9洞球場也設有探照燈，開到午夜或是更晚。

Many people from Seoul, for instance, make the trek to Sky 72 Golf & Resort in Incheon, close to the area’s main international airport, where 2,700 lights have been installed to illuminate 36 of the facility’s 72 holes.

例如，很多來自首爾的人，會長途跋涉到靠近當地主要國際機場的仁川Sky 72高球渡假村，該處設有2700盞探照燈，能照亮72個洞當中的36個。

The concept of golfing under lights exists outside South Korea, of course.

當然，在燈光下打高球的想法在南韓以外也存在。

A writer for the website GolfPass last year counted 65 courses in the United States that featured at least some amount of nighttime lighting — although all but one of them were short courses. And courses in the United States that offer late tee times still close far earlier than those in South Korea, which often remain open as late as 1 a.m.

去年，一位幫GolfPass寫文的作家統計，在美國，擁有一定數量夜間照明設備的球場至少65座，儘管除了一座以外都是球洞較少的球場。而且美國晚間打球的高球場，打烊時間仍比南韓球場早得多，後者通常營業到凌晨1點。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5574918

Hi there!歡迎收聽Look Back Sunday回顧星期天，在這個節目John老師會彙整過去不同國家與主題的熱門跟讀文章，讓你可以在十五分鐘內吸收最精華的世界時事趣聞！我們這週聽聽馬來西亞相關的文章，Let's get started!

Topic: Malaysia supermarket creates grocery shopping guide for clueless husbands

Malaysia’s movement control order（MCO）states that only the "head of the household" should be allowed to leave the house to purchase necessities, and although it didn’t state whether the person should be male or female, the husbands probably took it upon themselves to accomplish "mission grocery shopping".

馬來西亞的行動管制令（MCO）指出，只有「一家之主」被允許出門採購必需品，雖然管制令並未明說這個人應該是男性還是女性，但是丈夫們較有可能承擔這項「買東西任務」。

In hilarious posts shared by Malaysians Cheanu Chew and Muzaffar Rahman on Facebook, they observed many men looking clueless in supermarket aisles while glued to their phones. These "remote shoppers", as Chew called them, were presumably receiving instructions from their wives to ensure that they got the grocery list right.

馬來西亞人Cheanu Chew與Muzaffar Rahman在「臉書」發布的一則滑稽貼文中指出，他們觀察到許多看起來毫無頭緒的男性，在超市走廊上黏著手機不放。被Chew稱為「遙控購物者」的人們，想必正在接收妻子的指示，確保他們買對採購清單上的物品。

Now, supermarket chain Tesco in Malaysia has come to the rescue, with an ingenious hack to put all their troubles to rest. The shopping guide "for husbands" provides pictures of basic ingredients with captions, and also breaks it down to the nitty-gritty.

現在，馬來西亞的連鎖超市Tesco投入救援，巧妙地解決他們的麻煩。「給丈夫」的商品指南提供基本商品的圖片與名稱，並將其細分。

Next Article:

Topic: Three elephants found poisoned in Malaysia 馬來西亞發現三頭大象被毒死

Three elephants were poisoned to death near a palm oil plantation in Malaysia, officials said Friday, in the latest case of the endangered creatures being killed near human settlements.

馬來西亞官員週五說，三頭大象在棕櫚油園附近被毒死，是這種瀕危生物在人類墾地附近被殺害的最新一起案例。

Local police in southern Johor state found the animal carcasses and alerted wildlife officers on Tuesday, Wildlife and National Parks Department director-general Abdul Kadir Abu Hashim told AFP.

野生生物及國家公園保護局局長阿卜杜勒．卡迪爾．阿布．哈希姆告訴法新社，南部柔佛州當地警方發現動物屍體，週二通報野生生物官員。

The dead animals are believed to be part of a herd of 30 elephants from the nearby forest reserve.

這些死去的動物據信是來自附近森林保護區的一群30隻大象的部分成員。

"We conducted a post-mortem on the three female elephants aged between 18 and 22, and it revealed they were poisoned," Abdul Kadir said.

阿卜杜勒．卡迪爾說，「我們對這三頭年齡介於18至22歲的母象進行驗屍，結果顯示牠們遭下毒。」

"I am shocked and saddened by this incident. If this trend continues, all our wild elephants will be wiped out."

「我為這起事件感到震驚悲痛。如果這股趨勢持續，我們所有野生大象將消失殆盡。」

Electric fences used to keep elephants away from village crops were not functioning and allowed the creatures to trespass on plantations, Abdul Kadir said.

阿卜杜勒．卡迪爾說，用來避免大象靠近村落作物的電籬笆未起作用，使這些生物得以侵入棕櫚油園。

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1296139 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1365803

Next Article

Topic: Eat your rice straws after finishing your drink?

馬來西亞媒體The Star報導，上週五在馬來西亞檳城舉辦的2019年國際綠色論壇及會議中，大馬業者Ricestraw向全世界推出了由稻米及木薯粉製作而成的可食環保吸管，引起熱論。

Made from rice and tapioca, the environmental-friendly straws are edible but tasteless, said Ricestraws IT director Anddrew Loh on Penang International Green Conference & Exhibition (PIGCE) 2019 held in Malaysia on Sept. 27.

業者表示，米吸管可以在浸泡在熱飲中長達2至5小時，冷飲更可以維持10小時，下半部因為浸泡在飲料裡吃起來有點黏糊，但是上半部分是酥脆的口感，就像在吃薯片。另外，業者強調米吸管沒有任何添加物，可以在90天內百分之百分解，甚至可以回收成動物飼料或肥料。

“The straws can last for two to five hours in hot water and about five to 10 hours in cold water,” Loh said. “The bottom part when immersed in drinks will taste a bit starchy while the upper section will be crispy like chips.”

Loh added, “The straws, made from natural ingredients, do not contain any additives and will decompose completely in 90 days and can also be turned into animal feed or fertiliser.”

業者進一步表示，製作米吸管是幫助生態循環，因為他們利用的是人類不吃的碎米去製作吸管。業者更指出使用紙吸管並不完全環保，因為製作紙吸管代表要砍伐更多樹木。

Furthermore, the Malaysian company stressed that by producing rice straws, the company has helped to complete the ecosystem cycle. “We use broken rice which people hardly eaten,” Loh said. “When we use paper straws, we are actually cutting down more trees.”

世界趨勢在淘汰一次性使用塑膠吸管，在這波環保浪潮裡，米吸管成為眾多亞洲業者爭相開發的產品。據The Hindu報導，南韓業者Yeonjigonji在政府開始實施限塑政策後，在去年研發推出百分之30木薯粉其他百分之70穀米製作成的可食米吸管。而The Epoch Times報導，越南業者HungHau Foods也在這兩年推出類似的米吸管產品。

Asian merchandisers are competing to produce eco-friendly commodities in reflecting this worldwide trend of ditching plastic straws. Malaysia is not the first one who uses rice to make straws. With 30 percent of tapioca and 70 percent of rice, The Hindu reported that company Yeonjigonji from South Korea started to market the edible straws last year after the government imposing relevant policies to reduce plastic use. Vietnam-based HungHau Foods also has had similar products in these two years, The Epoch Times reported.

Next Article:

馬來西亞蘇丹想要給老婆香吻被嫌棄 Queen tweets candid pix of king trying to steal kiss during photoshoot

馬來西亞最高元首蘇丹阿布都拉的妻子，東姑阿濟茲占阿米娜，週四在推特上發表一系列她自己跟蘇丹的合照，合照中阿布都拉企圖親吻老婆臉頰未果，可愛的互動引起熱議。

Raja Permaisuri Agong Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah won the hearts of Malaysians on Twitter Thursday (Oct 3) afternoon with a series of tweets.

The tweets featured photographs of her and Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri’ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah.

有些推特上的照片應該是來自夫婦倆的御用攝影師。其它照片則是偷拍。

Some of the tweets posted on her Twitter account (@cheminahsayang) are believed to be formal photographs with the royal pair in traditional attire, while others contained more candid shots.

東姑阿濟茲占的PO文其中有一張阿布都拉想要親吻她的照片，搭配上文字「我的天啊啊啊啊…」。

One of the photos was of Sultan Abdullah attempting to kiss Tunku Azizah, with the latter giving a deadpan look, with the caption “fuyuuuuuuuu..”.

另一張照片除了有王室夫妻外，還有小孫子亞當，東姑阿濟茲占在這張照片的配文寫道亞當瘋狂用照片「轟炸」她。

Another tweet had photographs which feature the Royal couple’s grandson, Adam, with the Tunku Azizah noting that he was “photobombing” her in the tweet.

東姑阿濟茲並未在推特說明照片拍攝時間。

The tweets did not mention when or where the photographs were taken.

照片發布的半小時內就吸引了一萬五千個讚，並被轉發超過兩千次 (現在已經超過一萬一千次轉發)。

Within half an hour the tweets received a collective 15,000 Likes, and were retweeted more than 2,000 times.

許多人留言道這些照片很甜蜜也很可愛。

Many people commented that the photographs taken were sweet and lovely.

Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20191004-779620 ; https://chinapost.nownews.com/20191002-777124

Hello通勤家族，歡迎收聽15mins Live Podcast直播，在這個新單元可以聽到直播過程中，我的主題分享以及聽眾互動。在這個單元我會用中英文與大家互動，也會跟直播聽眾做當場的 Q and A，幫助解惑與點出學英語的技巧。

我這一集分享的的主題是，不能說的NG職場英文，shownotes裡有簡易大綱給你參考，有任何相關意見或點子，歡迎寫信到[email protected]。

簡易大綱

1. 台灣職場文化與外國/外商職場文化大不同

• 揣摩上司意思 Vs. 就事論事

• 追求群體同步 Vs. 個人主義

• 權力集中 Vs. 權力下放

2. NG Email 寫法

• 先解釋來龍去脈，再寫重點

• 內部(同事之間) email寫法與外部(對客戶)email不分

3. NG日常互動

• 不主動打招呼

• 不接受同事/長官的稱讚

4. NGPresentation

• 每張ppt都滿滿的字(講者直接念出ppt上的文字)

• 簡報時用詞太直接 e.g. We didn’t meet the sales target in June Vs. We are just short of reaching the sales target in June.

5. 加分英文與例句

• 打招呼的回應So so / nothing much 換成 I am doing good/ Things are going well / I had a lovely weekend with the family.

• 請求幫助 I want/I need… 換成 I would like to… / Would you please…

• I don’t know / Not sure 換成 Can I get back to you on that? Let me get the data for you after this meeting.

• 聽不懂時，Could you say that again? 換成 Do you mean…? / Would you like me to…?

• ASAP換成 at your earliest convenience / byFriday afternoon 2pm.

通勤學英語15mins.Today榮獲

• Apple Podcast 2020年十大熱門節目

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老師互動信箱: [email protected]

商業合作洽詢: [email protected]

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K160: California Throws a Rescue Line to Its Dwindling Monarch Butterflies

Known for their windowpane wing design and bright orange color, Western monarch butterflies add a dash of magic to the California coast, where they spend the winter. Now a coalition of conservation groups, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the environmentalist organization River Partners are working together to extend a lifeline to the monarchs, whose population has been dwindling drastically.

西部帝王斑蝶以窗玻璃般的翅膀花樣和鮮豔橘色聞名，為牠們度過冬季的加州海岸增添些許魅力。現在，一個保育團體聯盟，「加州魚類及野生動物管理局」和環保組織「河流夥伴」正攜手合作，為數量急遽減少的帝王斑蝶提供一線生機。

The groups have embarked on an effort to add 30,000 milkweed plants across the state to provide the butterflies with places to breed and acquire the sustenance for migration.

這些組織已展開一項行動，在加州各地增植3萬株乳草，提供蝴蝶繁殖場所及遷徙所需糧食。

The Western monarchs’ California population has fallen 99% since the 1980s, The San Francisco Chronicle reported. A major factor in that drop has been a decline in milkweed caused by farming and pesticide use. Milkweed is vital to monarchs as a place to lay eggs and as a food source for their caterpillars.

舊金山紀事報報導，加州西部帝王斑蝶數量自1980年代以來已減少99%，一大原因是，農作和使用農藥使得乳草減少。乳草對帝王斑蝶十分重要，是產卵之處，也是幼蟲食物來源。

Monarch butterflies do something called “overwintering” on the coast of California — spending time there from October to March before migrating farther inland to breed.

帝王斑蝶有所謂的「越冬」行為，在遷徙到更內陸地區繁殖之前，從10月到3月待在加州海岸。

Every year around Thanksgiving, volunteers count the migrating monarchs at the coastal overwintering sites, said Cheryl Schultz, a biology professor at Washington State University who works with the River Partners project. In 2019, 29,000 butterflies overwintered in California. A year later, that number was just 2,000, she said.

和河流夥伴合作專案的華盛頓州立大學生物學教授雪柔‧休茲說，每年感恩節前後，志工在沿海越冬地點計算遷徙的帝王斑蝶數目。她說，2019年有2萬9000隻蝴蝶在加州越冬，一年後，數目只有2000隻。

In response, California put forward a $1 million state-funded initiative to restore the Western monarchs’ natural habitat — and hopefully the population itself — by planting 600 acres of milkweed statewide.

為因應此一變化，加州祭出由州政府提供100萬美元經費的計畫，透過在州內各處種植600英畝的乳草，重建西部帝王斑蝶的自然棲息地，也希望能恢復數量。

“It’s going to take time for that habit to establish,” Schultz said. “It’s not like we can plant milkweed today and poof, you know, three months from now we have 40 functioning habitats for monarchs. Different areas will take different amounts of time to come online.”

「那樣的棲息地需要花時間建立。」休茲說，「可不是我們今天種下乳草，然後咻的一下，三個月後就有40個可派上用場的帝王斑蝶棲息處。不同地區需要花不同的時間來達到可用狀態。」

Although monarch butterflies are faced with extinction, the species is not federally protected because other species are a higher priority.

帝王斑蝶雖面臨滅絕危機，卻並未受到聯邦保護，因為有其他物種排在前面。

According to the U.S. Forest Service, milkweed is a wildflower known for being “a mega food market for insects.” Almost 500 types of insects, including butterflies, feed on some part of the milkweed plant — its sap, leaves and flowers all provide nutrition.

根據美國國家森林局的資料，乳草是一種野花，以「昆蟲的食物大賣場」聞名。包括蝴蝶在內，將近500種昆蟲以乳草的某個部分為食，它的汁液、葉子和花皆能提供養分。

Schultz said that, aside from being a source of food, milkweed contains cardenolides, enzymes that when digested by monarch caterpillars make them toxic to predators like birds.

休茲說，除了作為食物來源，乳草還含有強心甾，這些酶被帝王斑蝶幼蟲消化後，會使幼蟲對牠們的掠食者如鳥類而言具有毒性。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5544159

通勤學英語15mins.Today榮獲

• Apple Podcast 2020年十大熱門節目

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K159: Reinventing Workers for the Post-COVID Economy

The nation’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic will hinge to some extent on how quickly show managers can become electricians, whether taxi drivers can become plumbers, and how many cooks can manage software for a bank.

美國經濟能否從新冠疫情影響下復甦，將在一定程度上取決於表演經理們要多久才能變成電工，計程車司機能否化身為水管匠，以及有多少廚師能替銀行管理軟體。

This is likely to prove especially problematic for millions of low-paid workers in service industries like retailing, hospitality, building maintenance and transportation, which may be permanently impaired or fundamentally transformed. What will janitors do if fewer people work in offices? What will waiters do if the urban restaurant ecosystem never recovers its density?

這對零售業、餐旅業、建築維修和運輸業等服務業數百萬低薪工人來說，問題恐怕特別大。這些行業可能受到永久性損害或發生根本性改變。若辦公室裡人變少了，工友要做什麼呢？若都市餐廳生態系統繁盛不再，服務生又該如何？

Their prognosis is bleak. Marcela Escobari, an economist at the Brookings Institution, warns that even if the economy adds jobs as the coronavirus risk fades, “the rebound won’t help the people that have been hurt the most.”

他們的前景是黯淡的。布魯金斯學會經濟學家艾思科巴里警告說，即使就業機會隨新冠肺炎風險消退而增加，「經濟反彈也幫不了那些受創最重的人」。

Looking back over 16 years of data, Escobari finds that workers in the occupations most heavily hit since the spring will have a difficult time reinventing themselves. Taxi drivers, dancers and front-desk clerks have poor track records moving to jobs as, say, registered nurses, pipe layers or instrumentation technicians.

艾思科巴里檢視16年來的數據發現，今春以來受衝擊最大的一些職業，勞工將很難自我改造。計程車司機、舞者和櫃檯人員轉行從事護理師、舖管工或儀器技工等工作者十分有限。

COVID is abruptly taking out a swath of jobs that were thought to be comparatively resilient, in services that require personal contact with customers. And the jolt has landed squarely on workers with little or no education beyond high school, toiling in the low-wage service economy.

新冠肺炎疾病突然帶走了一大批原本被認為較不容易永久消失的工作，即需與客戶面對面接觸的服務工作。這一衝擊直接打擊到那些僅受過高中教育、在低薪服務經濟區塊中掙扎的勞工。

“The damage to the economy and particularly to workers will probably be longer lasting than we think it is going to be,” said Peter Beard, senior vice president at the Greater Houston Partnership, an economic development group.

經濟發展組織大休士頓商會資深副總裁畢爾德表示：「經濟、尤其是勞工們受害的時間，可能比我們預期的還要更長。」

What’s more, he said, COVID will intensify underlying dynamics that were already transforming the workplace. Automation, for one, will most likely accelerate as employers seek to protect their businesses from future pandemics.

他說，更重要的是，新冠肺炎將強化已經在改變職場的潛在動力，自動化即為一例，由於雇主力求讓自己的企業未來不受大疫情影響，自動化極可能加速。

The challenge is not insurmountable. Yet despite scattered success stories, moving millions of workers into new occupations remains an enormous challenge.

這項挑戰並非不能克服。然而，儘管有少數成功的例子，讓數百萬勞工轉業仍是巨大的挑戰。

“We need a New Deal for skills,” said Amit Sevak, president of Revature, a company that hires workers, trains them to use digital tools and helps place them in jobs. “President Roosevelt deployed the massive number of workers unemployed in the Great Depression on projects that created many of the dams and roads and bridges we have. We need something like that.”

雇用勞工後培訓他們使用數位工具，並幫他們找到工作的Revature公司總裁塞瓦克說：「我們需要一項針對職業技能的新政。小羅斯福總統大蕭條時期把大量失業勞工投入工程計畫，興建了我們現在使用的水壩、道路與橋樑。我們需要這樣的東西。」

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

每週Vocab精選詞彙Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

每週In-TENSE文法練習Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

通勤學英語15mins.Today榮獲

• Apple Podcast 2020年十大熱門節目

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K158: About Italy - Fresh pizza vending machine prompts curiosity and horror in Rome

Raffaele Esposito, the 19th century Neapolitan credited with inventing Italy’s most famous type of pizza, may be turning in his grave：Rome has a new vending machine which slides out freshly cooked pizzas in just three minutes.

義大利人克勞狄歐．贊皮加嘗試羅馬的披薩自動販賣機製作的披薩。 （路透檔案照）

被譽為義大利最有名披薩發明人的19世紀拿波里人拉斐爾．艾斯波西多，或許會死不瞑目：羅馬現在有一種新的販賣機，可在短短3分鐘內送出新鮮烤出爐的披薩。

Buyers using the flaming red "Mr. Go Pizza" machine can choose from four different kinds of pizzas costing from 4.50 to 6 euros. The machine kneads and tops the dough and customers can watch the pizza cook behind a small glass window.

顧客可在這台火紅色的「披薩隨來先生」販賣機上，從4種不同的披薩中選擇，售價介於4.5到6歐元不等。機器會揉麵團、在麵團上加配料，顧客可隔著一扇小玻璃窗觀看製作過程。

"It looks good but it is much smaller than in a restaurant and there is less topping," said Claudio Zampiga, a pensioner.

退休人士克勞狄歐．贊皮加說，「看起來不錯，但是比在餐廳的小一點，而且料少了點。」

Gina, a pensioner who declined to give her surname, rejected the concept outright. "Terrible. Pizza really needs to be eaten hot, immediately. This doesn’t work for me," she said.

拒絕透露姓氏的退休女子吉娜完全拒絕這個概念。「糟糕。披薩真的需要趁熱吃，對我來說，這不行。」

Next Article

Italy says arrivederci to cafe culture 義大利向咖啡文化說再見

Like pizza and ice cream parlours, the coffee bar is sacred in Italy. But the tradition of going for a cappuccino or an espresso is under threat from a new menace - the coffee machine. Thanks to aggressive marketing by manufacturers, who are practically giving them away free in offices, factories, universities and even train stations, self-service coffee is invading Italy and putting in peril the livelihood of many baristas.

就像披薩和冰淇淋店一樣，咖啡吧在義大利具有神聖不可侵犯的地位。但義大利人到咖啡吧喝杯卡布奇諾或濃縮咖啡的傳統現在受到新對手的威脅 - 咖啡機。在咖啡機製造商祭出強勢促銷手段，在辦公室、工廠、大學、甚至火車站裡幾乎免費奉送咖啡之後，自助式咖啡正大舉入侵義大利，許多咖啡師傅的生計也岌岌可危。

New figures show half a million automatic coffee machines have been installed in the past year in public places, serving an estimated two million 'portions' of coffee.

根據最新統計數字，過去一年間義大利的公共場所內已裝設了五十萬台自動咖啡機，估計可提供兩百萬份咖啡。

One of the reasons for the change is that Italians are struggling to deal with a faster pace of life, under pressure to do more, earn more and not waste time.

造成這項改變的原因之一，是義大利人正努力適應更快的生活步調，應付必須做更多事、賺更多錢、不要浪費時間的壓力。

The depersonalisation of the coffee rite is sneaking into Italian homes as well. Sales of automatic machines were recently declared in a brides' magazine to be the most sought-after gift of young couples.

這種去除人性色彩的喝咖啡儀式也正偷偷潛入義大利的家庭中。一本新娘雜誌最近就宣稱，自動咖啡機是年輕新人最想要的結婚禮物。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1453710; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/39829

通勤學英語15mins.Today榮獲

• Apple Podcast 2020年十大熱門節目

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K157: From Appetizers to Tuition, Incentives to Job Seekers Grow

College subsidies for children and spouses. Free rooms for summer hotel employees and a set of knives for aspiring culinary workers. And appetizers on the house for anyone willing to sit down for a restaurant job interview.

子女和配偶念大學享學費補助。飯店員工夏季免費住客房，有志成功的餐飲業人員贈送刀具組。還有，願意坐下來接受餐廳面試的，開胃菜免費享用。

Determined to lure new employees and retain existing ones in a suddenly hot job market, employers are turning to new incentives that go beyond traditional monetary rewards. In some cases, the offerings include the potential to reshape career paths, like college scholarships and guaranteed admission to management training programs.

就業市場忽然變火熱，決心吸引新員工並留住現有員工的雇主，紛紛訴諸超越傳統金錢報酬的新招。有時，鼓勵措施有改變職涯的潛力，如大學獎學金和接受管理培訓的資格保證。

The sudden reopening of vast swaths of the U.S. economy has left companies scrambling for workers as summer approaches, especially in the service sector. What’s more, in many cases the inducements are on top of increases in hourly pay.

美國經濟突然大規模重啟，使企業在夏天臨近之際爭搶員工，尤其服務業。有趣的是，企業往往在調漲時薪之外，加碼祭出這些誘因。

The result is a cornucopia of new benefits as human resources officers and employees alike rethink what makes for a compelling compensation package. And in a pathbreaking move, some businesses are extending educational benefits to families of employees.

結果是，在人力資源幹部和受雇者都在重新思考怎樣的薪酬待遇才能夠打動人心時，不計其數的新福利應運而生。一些企業讓員工家屬也享有教育補助，深具開創性。

The labor market was relatively tight before the pandemic struck in early 2020, but the rise of noncash offerings is a new wrinkle. Many large companies find themselves pitted against other giants in the search for workers with similar types of skills and experience and want to stand out, especially in the rush to staff back up after the pandemic.

在新冠疫情爆發前的2020年初，勞動市場也相當緊俏，不過，愈來愈多企業提供現金以外誘因卻是新現象。許多大企業互相爭搶技能和經驗類似的勞工，而且想脫穎而出，尤其是在疫情過後急於補人時。

“We knew we had to do something radically different to make Waste Management attractive when you have other companies looking for the same type of worker,” said Tamla Oates-Forney, chief people officer at Waste Management. “There is such a war for talent that compensation isn’t a differentiator.”

美國「廢棄物管理公司」人力資源長塔姆拉．歐茨-佛尼說：「當其他公司也在尋找同類員工時，我們知道我們必須做些完全不同的事，才能令人心動。搶人大戰非常激烈，光靠薪酬待遇無法勝出。」

“You can never have too many drivers,” she said. “When you think about Amazon and Walmart, we’re going after the same population.”

她說：「駕駛員永不嫌多。想想亞馬遜和沃爾瑪，我們都在搶同一批人。」

The company will pay for employees to earn bachelor’s and associate degrees, as well as certificates in areas like data analytics and business management. In a significant expansion, Waste Management will begin offering these scholarships to spouses and children of workers this year.

這家公司出錢幫助員工拿到學士和副學士學位，以及數據分析、企業管理等領域的合格證書。廢棄物管理公司今年起大舉擴張福利，讓員工配偶和子女也能享有這些獎學金。

“We can do something that really changes people’s lives,” said Jim Fish, Waste Management’s chief executive. “For someone with kids in high school, this is a big deal.”

廢棄物管理公司執行長費許說：「我們可以做些真正改變別人生命的事。對那些小孩正在讀高中的人來說，這個福利很重要。」

The competition for new hires is especially intense in the leisure and hospitality industry, which has surged back to life after shutting down almost completely last spring.

搶人大戰在餐旅休閒業特別激烈，這行業今年春天幾乎完全停業，如今已經快速回春。Source article:https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5560518

通勤學英語15mins.Today榮獲

• Apple Podcast 2020年十大熱門節目

• KKBox 2020年十大Podcast風雲榜 (唯一語言學習Podcast)

• Himalaya 人氣票選播客總冠軍

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K156: How Do Animals Safely Cross a Highway?

The engineers were used to building overpasses for vehicles, not wildlife. But every spring and fall, collisions with mule deer and pronghorn spiked in the Pinedale region of Wyoming, where Route 191 disrupted their age-old migration paths. So the state Department of Transportation joined with the state wildlife agency and nonprofit groups to create a series of crossings. Collisions have dropped by roughly 90%.

工程師慣常為車輛建造高架道路，而非動物。但是每年春季和秋季，美國懷俄明州派恩戴爾地區車輛與騾鹿和叉角羚碰撞事故激增，當地191號公路截斷了牠們長久以來的遷徙路線。因此懷州運輸部和野生動物局及非營利團體合作，打造了一系列穿越道，碰撞事故約減少了九成。

“It felt like we finally found something that works,” said Jennifer Hoffman, an engineer at the Wyoming Department of Transportation. “People are pretty hesitant to do something new. Once you’ve done it, and it does what you said it would do, they’re willing to do it more.”

「感覺像是我們終於找到了有用的方法。」懷州運輸部工程師珍妮佛‧霍夫曼說，「人們對做新事常很猶豫，一旦做了而且效果一如預期，人們就更願意去做。」

Examples like that, along with earlier success stories from Canada and Europe, have led to a broad consensus on the value of animal crossings, according to environmentalists and transportation officials alike.

環保人士和運輸官員都表示，前述例子加上早前加拿大和歐洲的成功事例，匯集成對動物穿越道之價值的廣泛共識。

“This is the time of the wildlife crossing,” said Mike Leahy, director of wildlife, hunting and fishing policy at the National Wildlife Federation. “This issue has been building for decades, and it was like pulling teeth. And now everyone who works on these issues seems to get it.”

「這是野生動物穿越道的時代。」全國野生動物協會野生動物、狩獵及釣魚政策主任麥克．李伊說，「這個議題已發展數十年，相當艱難，現在為這些議題努力的所有人似乎都弄清楚了。」

Research shows that, across the country, there are 1 to 2 million collisions between vehicles and large animals each year. These accidents cause more than 26,000 human injuries and about 200 human deaths.

研究顯示，全美每年車輛和大型動物碰撞事故有100萬至200萬件，造成超過2萬6千人受傷，約200人死亡。

Funding for crossings is a challenge, but that may get easier, too: A bipartisan Senate version of the transportation bill being hammered out in Congress includes $350 million for wildlife crossings and corridors.

為穿越道籌資是項挑戰，不過也可能變得更容易些，一項參議院跨黨派版本的運輸法案正在國會審議協調，列有3.5億美元建造野生動物穿越道及廊道的經費。

While transportation officials emphasize that human safety is the main motivation for these new projects, the structures do not come a moment too soon for animals. Development continues to erode wildlife habitat, disrupt migration corridors and fragment groups, leading to population collapse and unhealthy genetic isolation. Looming large is another threat: climate change. As certain species move in search of cooler, moister conditions, they will have to contend with busy roadways.

儘管運輸官員強調保障人的安全是新計畫的主要驅動力，實則這些設施對動物而言也來得正是時候。人為開發持續侵蝕野生動物棲息地，截斷遷徙廊道及分裂群體，導致族群崩解與不健康的遺傳隔離。另一項威脅也日益嚴重：氣候變遷。某些物種在遷移以尋找更涼爽、更濕潤的環境時，將碰上車流很大的道路。

There are more than 1,000 dedicated wildlife crossings in the United States today, up from just a few in the 1970s and '80s, according to Patricia Cramer, an ecologist who has studied and worked in the field for two decades. But only 10 or 20 are overpasses.

研究並投身此領域20年的生態學家派翠莎‧克萊默表示，今日美國已有超過1000處野生動物專用穿越道，遠超過通道寥寥可數的1970和1980年代。

While overpasses tend to get the most attention, underpasses and tunnels are far more common.

不過目前僅有10或20處是高架通道。雖然高架通道最受注目，卻遠不及地下通道和隧道普及。Source article:https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5528953