通勤學英語 15Mins Today

Hello通勤家族，歡迎收聽15mins Live Podcast直播，在這個新單元可以聽到直播過程中，我的主題分享以及聽眾互動。在這個單元我會用中英文與大家互動，也會跟直播聽眾做當場的 Q and A，幫助解惑與點出學英語的技巧。

七月份的週四晚上9pm，會在Mixerbox App與大家進行互動與輕鬆地談些英語學習相關的議題，有空的通勤家族歡迎到Mixerbox與John老師在線上聊聊。我這一集分享的的主題是，外國人常用的禮貌用語，shownotes裡有簡易大綱給你參考，有任何相關意見或點子，歡迎寫信到[email protected]。

簡易大綱

1. 遊戲引導好奇心，好奇心帶動學習動力 

2. 如何自然的學習/運用英文 

• 讓自己生活中的活動/興趣變成與英文相關 E.g.看報紙，爬新聞網，聽音樂，聽Podcast，看Youtube，玩遊戲，交友等等

• 將短時間的日常活動變成英文，慢慢增加，英文學習與使用時間無形拉長

3. 玩遊戲如何幫助學習？

• 一定時間內，人，事，物，活動是重複的，用重複養成學習

• 利用遊戲裡設定的目標作為學習段落

• 互動性質高的遊戲會引導你的英語應用

• 多人遊戲會增強參與動力

4. 什麼樣的遊戲相較無法協助學習？

• 過分強調聲音與視覺效果的遊戲 e.g. 射擊遊戲，捲軸遊戲，賽車遊戲

• 遊戲互動不重複

• 文字量/英文聲音太少

5. 遊戲推薦

5.1 桌遊

• Scrabble 拼字遊戲 (單字)

• Taboo 不能說的單字 (口說)

• I Spy Eagle Eye 搶快遊戲 (單字與口說)

5.2 家用主機遊戲

• Switch – Animal Crossing 動森之友會

• PS – It takes two 雙人成行

• PS – Uncharted 秘境探險系列

• Xbox – Fable 神鬼寓言

5.3 電腦遊戲

• Civilization文明帝國 (單字廣)

• Assassin’s Creed 刺客教條 (文字量偏大)

• Influent 語言學習遊戲 (單字量好入門)

Summary: 

As companies have stressed the importance of work-life balance and mental health, wellness initiatives are ramping up everywhere. These optional company activities, often scheduled during company hours, include basic meditation and yoga, as well as vision-boarding, energy consulting, sound baths and hypnotherapy. Multinational corporations, restaurant owners and federal government agencies are among the employers calling for more wellness in the workplace.     

原跟讀文章: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-k103-breathe-deeply-workplaces-embrace-wellness?categoryId=89454

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:   

Optional adj.  – available to be chosen, but not obligatory 

- In my first year of University, I had to select two majors and four optional courses. 

- When you buy a car, the GPS navigation system is often an optional purchase.   

Stress n. –physical pressure / mental pressure 

- Many startups are promoting mental wellness to reduce stress. 

- Sales people usually feel the stress at month end meetings.   

Holistic adj. – comprehensive look at a whole 

- People need to look at mental illness in a holistic view. 

- When treating mental or physical illness, it is important for doctors to take a holistic approach.

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K155: Germany to build up reserve vaccine capacity to fight future pandemics

Germany plans to pay vaccine manufacturers an annual reservation fee to build up reserve capacity of 600-700 million doses per year to help it fight future pandemics, Health Minister Jens Spahn said on Wednesday.

德國衛生部長延斯‧史巴恩上週三表示，德國計劃支付疫苗生產商年度訂金，以建立每年六至七億劑的儲備生產量能，幫助抵抗未來之疫病。

The government plans to launch a call for tenders for so-called pandemic preparedness contracts with a five-year term, he told a news conference.

史巴恩在記者會中表示，德國政府規劃了以五年為一期的所謂疫情戰備合約，並將進行招標。

“We in the government have agreed that we want to provide capacity for production of vaccines in and for Germany,” Spahn said, adding that this could be activated very quickly so that vaccine production could start at short notice.

「政府已同意要提供疫苗產能，以在德國製造疫苗，並供德國使用」，史巴恩表示，並補充說這可能會很快啟動，以便疫苗生產可在接獲命令後立即開始。

Manufacturing setbacks and an over-reliance on European Union approval for supplies slowed Germany’s rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. It wants to boost domestic production to ensure that it is not deprived of shots in future pandemics.

製造上的挫折，以及過度依賴歐盟批准其供應，減緩了德國推出COVID-19疫苗之速度。德國希望提高國內產量，以確保在未來的疫情中不會發生疫苗數量不足的窘境。

In February, it set up a vaccine production task force with the aim of building up domestic production and reducing bottlenecks in the supply chain.

德國在二月成立了一個疫苗生產專門小組，旨在增進國內生產，並減少供應鏈中的瓶頸。

Germany will also set up a center for pandemic vaccines at its vaccine regulator, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, Spahn said.

史巴恩表示，德國亦將在負責審批疫苗的官方機構「保羅艾爾立希研究所」設立一個大流行疫情之疫苗中心。

Germany is home to BioNTech and CureVac, two of the leading developers of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, as well as pharmaceutical giants Bayer and Merck and many small and medium-sized suppliers.

德國是BioNTech及CureVac這兩家mRNA疫苗開發領頭羊之所在地，境內並有製藥巨頭拜耳、默克，以及許多中小型供應商。

The German plan is one of more than half a dozen by governments around the world to avert shortages by supporting drug companies’ local production.

與德國此計畫類同，已有六個以上的國家以政府之力來支持藥商在本土製造疫苗，以避免疫苗供應短缺。

Some, including Australia, Brazil, Japan and Thailand, are setting up manufacturing partnerships with drugmaker AstraZeneca PLC.

包括澳洲、巴西、日本及泰國在內的一些國家，正與製藥商阿斯特捷利康建立製造合作夥伴關係。

Elsewhere, Italy has pledged state backing for a public-private vaccine production centre, while Austria, Denmark and Israel plan a joint research and development fund and will explore whether to produce their own next-generation vaccines.

而在其他國家，義大利已承諾以國家之力支持建立民間與政府合作的疫苗生產中心，奧地利、丹麥與以色列則計劃設置聯合研發基金，並將研究是否自行生產新一代的疫苗。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/06/07/2003758693

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

老師互動信箱: [email protected]

商業合作洽詢: [email protected]

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K154: Spain Turns to Corruption Rehab for Officials Who Can’t Stop Stealing

Carlos Alburquerque isn’t your typical rehab candidate. He’s a 75-year-old grandfather living in Córdoba, a city in southern Spain. He was a town notary before he retired in 2015. He hasn’t touched drugs or alcohol in years.

卡洛斯‧阿布奎基不是常人眼中該進勒戒所的人。他住在西班牙南部哥多華市，是個75歲的祖父。2015年退休前他是市鎮公證人。他已多年沒碰毒品和酒。

But his isn’t your typical rehab program: It’s an 11-month boot camp to reform corrupt Spanish officials and “reinsert” them into mainstream society.

但他接受的並非一般勒戒計畫，而是為期11個月的訓練營，目的是改造西班牙的貪官汙吏，並將他們「重新注入」主流社會。

“Repairing the damage is what is left for me in this life,” said Alburquerque, who is serving a four-year prison sentence for stealing around 400,000 euros (nearly $500,000) in his work drawing up contracts and deeds.

阿布奎基說：「這一生只求彌補過錯。」他在草擬合約和地契時私吞約40萬歐元（近50萬美元），被判入獄4年。

Over the course of 32 sessions in an austere conference room in Córdoba’s penitentiary, Alburquerque will be monitored by a team of psychiatrists. He will sit for group therapy sessions with titles like “personal abilities” and “values.” He is, in some ways, the guinea pig of an experiment meant to answer an age-old question: Buried deep in the soul of a swindler like Alburquerque, might there be an honest man?

在哥多華監獄一間簡樸的會議室內進行32次療程期間，阿布奎基將受到一組精神科醫生監控。他將參加「個人能力」和「價值」等團體治療課程。某種程度上，他是一個實驗的白老鼠，實驗旨在回答一個老問題：像阿布奎基這種騙子的心靈深處，會有個誠實的自我嗎？

That such a program exists in Spain may say much about the country’s belief in second chances as it does about how corruption has captured the public imagination here. Flip open a newspaper or turn on the radio: You will hear of schemes, scandals and skulduggery.

西班牙有此計畫，說明該國相信第二次機會，以及貪腐問題受公眾注視。翻開報紙或打開收音機，你會聽到陰謀、醜聞與詐欺。

Ángel Luis Ortiz, a former judge who now runs Spain’s prisons, said the boom-bust cycles of Spain’s economy had led it to a long history of fraudsters and betrayals of public trust.

曾任法官、現在主管西班牙監獄的安赫爾‧路易斯‧歐提茲說，西班牙經濟的盛衰循環，造就了詐欺和背叛公眾信任的悠久歷史。

But at least, corruption rates in Spain were no worse than in other European nations, Ortiz said, just 5% of all crimes.It was Spain’s will to rehabilitate the offenders that set it apart from the rest, Ortiz said.

歐提茲表示，西班牙貪瀆率並不比其他歐洲國家高，僅占所有刑事案件的5%。西班牙想讓罪犯自新，才是它有別於他國之處。

Nine prisons are running programs so far, which began in March. Prisoners don’t get reduced sentences for joining, but officials say participating is looked on favorably when it comes time to request parole.

目前已有9所監獄實施這項從3月開始的計畫。囚犯不會因為加入而獲減刑，但參加者申請假釋時會加分。

Yet for all the volunteers, Ortiz still thinks his biggest challenge may be convincing Spain’s corrupt officials that there actually might be something wrong with them.

雖有不少人自願參加，歐提茲仍認為，最大挑戰可能在於讓西班牙的貪腐官員相信，他們可能真的有問題。

For that, the government turned to Sergio Ruiz, a prison psychiatrist who helped design the program. Ruiz said that in addition to getting participants to recognize their flaws in group therapy, inmates would eventually be asked to participate in “restorative justice” sessions where they would ask for forgiveness from their victims.

政府為此求助於監獄精神科醫生塞吉奧‧魯伊茲，他幫忙設計了這個計畫。他表示除了讓參加者在團體治療中認識到自身缺陷外，最終還會要求他們參加「修復式正義」的課程，請求受害者饒恕。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5495283

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K153: Family of protected collared scops owls discovered in Nantou

Aowanda National Forest Recreation Area in Nantou County’s Renai Township has temporarily closed its doors to visitors to conform with the government’s nationwide level 3 COVID-19 alert. With nesting season currently underway, a family of collared scops owls — a protected species in Taiwan — has taken up residence in one of the park’s Taiwan incense cedar trees.

南投縣仁愛鄉奧萬大森林遊樂區因配合防疫三級警戒而休園，正值鳥類育雛期，園區的台灣肖楠樹上則有保育鳥類「領角鶚」家族現蹤。

Although the recreation area is temporarily closed to the public, the epidemic prevention measures have not stopped its birds and bees from procreating. The months of May and June are nesting season, and things really come to life after dark. Within the recreation area it is possible to observe owls brooding, hear chicks chirping and see adult owls shuttling to and fro from their nests with morsels of food to help their little darlings grow up quickly.

奧萬大森林遊樂區因防疫而休園，生物的繁衍並不因此停歇，五、六月是鳥類育雛的季節，此時入夜時分，園區也能適時觀察到貓頭鷹的育雛畫面，幼鳥會發出「企、企、企」的叫聲，親鳥則會不停來回餵食，希望鳥寶寶快快長大。

Workers from the recreation area and research specialists from the Endemic Species Research Institute in the county’s Jiji Township were checking breeding boxes when they discovered a family of protected collared scops owls resting in a Taiwan incense cedar tree. The team believes there are at least four collared scops owls nesting in the tree. They have spotted them resting side-by-side in pairs or perching independently. The owls all had their heads tucked down and their eyes closed, sound asleep.

園區工作人員與集集特有生物研究保育中心研究人員，日前在調查園區鳥巢箱的繁殖狀況時，就在台灣肖楠樹上發現正在休息的保育鳥類領角鶚家族，樹上至少有四隻領角鶚，有的兩兩相依，或是各據枝頭，每隻都是縮頭、閉眼，睡得香甜。

The team quickly grabbed the opportunity to photograph the charming scene, taking as many photos as possible of the owls. While the photographers were snapping away, one fledging owl discreetly opened its big, bright eyes and inclined its head to peek at the people below, which was captured on film to produce a surprisingly soporific photograph of the owlet’s adorably goofy expression.

樹下的人們則是抓緊時機，拿起相機對著可愛的領角鶚家族猛拍，領角鶚幼鳥還會謹慎的睜眼查看，一雙水汪汪、圓滾滾的大眼睛，歪著頭看著樹下的人，呆萌的模樣讓人看了超療癒。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/06/20/2003759460

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K152: The Rise of the Climatarian

Torben Lonne, a 34-year-old scuba diver in Copenhagen, never eats without considering the carbon footprint and the emission level of the food he’s about to consume. For that reason, his diet revolves around locally sourced fruits and vegetables, and pizza. He avoids avocados, however.

34歲的朗恩是丹麥首都哥本哈根的水肺潛水員，他在吃下任何食物之前，一定會先考量這食物的碳足跡和碳排放量問題。因此，他的飲食不脫在地蔬果和披薩。不過，他不吃酪梨。

“Avocados that are made for export are incredibly carbon-intensive, especially when you consider farm to plate is actually several thousand kilometers away,” Lonne said. “Aside from the logistics, avocado farms have depleted many rivers and lakes, particularly in South America, in order to sustain our voracious appetite for guacamole.”

朗恩說：「供外銷的酪梨碳密集度極高，尤其是考慮到從農場到餐桌實際上有數千公里遠。種酪梨除了運輸路途遙遠之外，還耗掉許多河川湖泊的水，特別在南美洲，為的是滿足我們對酪梨醬的貪欲。」

Lonne calls himself a climatarian, a term that first appeared in The New York Times in 2015, entered the Cambridge Dictionary the following year and is now becoming more common. Apps such as Kuri, introduced last year, offer climatarian recipes. Fast-casual restaurants including Just Salad and Chipotle are marking items that fit in the diet, like paleo before it, on their menus.

朗恩自稱氣候素食者，這個詞2015年首先出現在紐約時報上，隔年收入劍橋字典，如今變得更常見。一些應用程式提供氣候素食食譜，去年上架的Kuri就是一例。Just Salad、奇波雷等快速慢食餐廳一如先前推出「原始人飲食」般，現在也在菜單上把合乎氣候素食要求的菜式加以標註。

There are also climatarian-friendly brands, including Moonshot, a carbon-neutral company in San Francisco that makes a line of crackers from regeneratively grown ingredients with stone-milled, heirloom wheat and 100% recycled packaging.

有些品牌標榜對氣候素食者友善，包括美國加州舊金山碳中和公司Moonshot，製造一系列薄脆餅乾，採用再生農業生產的原料、石磨祖傳種小麥和百分之百再生包裝。

When Just Salad added a climatarian menu option in September, more than 10% of their salad sales came from that menu, said Sandra Noonan, the chain’s chief sustainability officer, a position created in 2019.

Just Salad永續長珊卓．努南說，去年9月推出氣候素食菜單後，超過10%的沙拉營業額來自這種飲食。永續長是2019年新設的職位。

Those who follow the diet stick with fruits and vegetables that are in season relative to their region; they avoid meat that comes from factory farms; and they seek local ingredients because those have lower carbon footprints, said Brian Kateman, the president and co-founder of Reducetarian Foundation, a nonprofit organization in Providence, Rhode Island, that encourages eating fewer animal products. Many reducetarians are also climatarians: cutting back because they’re concerned about the climate crisis.

美國羅德島州首府普羅維登斯的「減少肉食基金會」是提倡少吃畜產品的非營利組織，共同創辦人兼會長凱特曼說，氣候素食者堅持食用當地當季的蔬果，不吃工廠化農場生產的肉類，注重在地食材，因為碳足跡較少。許多少肉主義者也是氣候素食者，因為他們也擔心氣候危機。

Kateman, 31, became one after reading a 2007 book, “The Ethics of What We Eat,” by Peter Singer and Jim Mason. He was horrified to learn that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture increased by 12% from 1990 to 2019, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

31歲的凱特曼讀了2007年出版、辛格和梅森合著的「飲食倫理」一書後，成了氣候素食者。他很震驚地從美國國家環境保護署的資料得知，從1990年到2019年，農業的溫室氣體排放量增加了12%。

While many climatarians aren’t vegetarians, since they believe that chicken or lamb are much better choices than beef, some eschew meat altogether since vegetables overall have a lower carbon footprint.

許多氣候素食者並不吃素，他們認為吃雞肉和羊肉已經遠比吃牛肉好了，不過也有一些氣候素食者完全棄絕肉類，因為蔬菜類整體而言碳足跡較少。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5512200

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K151: About Auctions - Invisible sculpture sells for sky-high price

一個義大利藝術家所製的「隱形雕像」於五月初成功以標價15,000歐元(約新台幣505,581元)的金額售出。

An invisible sculpture by an Italian artist has been sold for €15,000 (around NT$505,581) during an auction earlier in May.

根據外媒報導， Salvatore Garau (沙瓦托．加勞) 製作了這項作品名為《我是》來表現實社會中的空洞。沙瓦托像義大利媒體解釋道他們所看到的「空間」，正是被自己作品的能量佔據。

According to foreign media reports, Salvatore Garau created the artwork, titled “I am” to represent the “void” of the world. Garau explained to Italian media that the empty space is occupied by the energy of the artwork.

購買此作品的新主人將會收到一個正式的文件表示他是隱形雕像的擁有者，沙瓦托同時也表示這項藝術品為我們這個時代的隱喻。

The buyer of the artwork will receive a certificate of authentification as the proud owner of the invisible sculpture which Garau considers a metaphor of our times.

同時，此藝術創作在他眼中也極為珍貴，原因在於它不僅獨一無二，完全無法被覆製，也對製作過程中完全沒有留下碳足跡，非常環保。

In addition, the artwork is deemed extremely valuable as it is totally unique, cannot be replicated, and is environmentally friendly. 

沙瓦托也建議作品應該被收藏在一個特殊、毫無受阻的房間內。 

The artist also suggests that the artwork be stored in a special room that is free from obstruction. 

他表示此創作為150 x 150公分寬和高，所以購買者需要考量提供約此大小的空間「放置」雕像。 

According to Garau, the artwork is about 150 x 150 cm in length and width so that would be the space needed.

Next

包賣價破11萬！炒熱商品最後竟比實品貴上百倍 Virtual Gucci bag sold for higher price than real

虛擬名牌一個虛擬Gucci包近日在遊戲平台Roblox以要價新台幣11萬多賣出，以將近2萬多元超越了真實的Gucci包。

A virtual Gucci bag was recently sold for US$4,115 (around NT$113,954) on Roblox’s online gaming virtual world, making it almost US$800 (NT$22,154) more expensive than the real item.

根據外媒報導，這個虛擬的「蜜蜂刺繡酒神包」為「GUCCI花園體驗活動」系列產品知一，於5月17日在限時一小時的情況下，以要價約新台幣166元開始販售。

According to foreign media reports, the virtual “Dionysus Bag with Bee” was available for one hour on May 17 as part of Gucci’s virtual Garden Exhibition and the original price offered was around US$6 (NT$166).

然而，之後因網友炒作的關係，不斷的買進再以高價售出商品，最後外媒報導一位買家竟以4,115美元(約新台幣11.3萬元)成功奪下虛擬包。

Soon after, scalpers began using the limited time frame to buy and re-sell the item for higher prices, resulting in one user who later revealed he paid US$4,115 (around NT$113,954) for the virtual bag.

這個熱銷商品甚至超越了實際包包的價錢；根據Gucci官網所述，真實的蜜蜂刺繡酒神包標價為3,400美元(約新台幣9.4萬元)。 

The hot commodity even surpassed the sale of the real bag, which sells for US$3,400 (around NT$94,168). 

然而，Reddit創辦人 Alexis Ohanian 後來也在推特上提醒手頭較緊的買家，表示此虛擬商品與非同質化代幣有所不同，在遊戲平台以外的地方毫無價值。 

However, Reddit founder Alexis Ohanian later took to Twitter to inform potential buyers that unlike an NFT (Non-fungible token), the item has no monetary value outside of the gaming platform, and cautioned those who don’t excess money to spend on such an extravagant bag. 

Gucci的其他幾件虛擬商品在當日也與蜜蜂刺繡酒神包一同出售，其中包括太陽眼鏡和吉他盒，售出的價錢卻遠遠低於此虛擬包。 

Several other virtual items from Gucci were also on sale with the Dionysus Bag with Bee including sunglasses and a guitar case but none did as well as the bag. Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20210601-2539126 ; https://chinapost.nownews.com/20210529-2526046

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

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Hello通勤家族，歡迎收聽15mins Live Podcast直播，在這個新單元可以聽到直播過程中，我的主題分享以及聽眾互動。在這個單元我會用中英文與大家互動，也會跟直播聽眾做當場的 Q and A，幫助解惑與點出學英語的技巧。

七月份的週四晚上9pm，會在Mixerbox App與大家進行互動與輕鬆地談些英語學習相關的議題，有空的通勤家族歡迎到Mixerbox與John老師在線上聊聊。 我這一集分享的的主題是，外國人常用的禮貌用語，shownotes裡有簡易大綱給你參考，有任何相關意見或點子，歡迎寫信到[email protected]。

簡易大綱

2021 英文流行語/俚語

1. 流行語到底是什麼?  

2. 流行語的英文是什麼? Popular Slang 

3. Slang在哪個場合可以用? 

3.1 80年代流行語 

• Bounce彈 – 離開 E.g. It’s time to bounce. 

• No duh / duh – 當然了(連這個都不懂)  

3.2 90年代流行語 

•  Bling閃亮亮的/昂貴的物品 – You look so bling! 你看起來珠光寶氣 

•  Da bomb (替代amazing用詞)- This car is da bomb!  

3.3 2000年流行語 

• Dawg(狗的諧音) – 男性用來互稱，女性用來形容渣男E.g. What’s up dawg! 

• LOL(Laugh Out Loud 大聲笑) – He is such a joker, LOL.   

3.4 2021流行語 

• Woke(形容覺青般的行為) – Heis not afraid to stand out to injustice. He is so woke. 

• Slay(殺) – 形容做得很好 – Jolinis slaying it on the stage today! 

Summary: 

Advocates of the 4-day workweek believe it is the best way to achieve work-life balance. Since the pandemic hit, this topic has become something that people are beginning to consider. Spain is now going to be first to experiment with a 32-hour workweek without changes in pay.

原跟讀文章: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-k100-about-europe-spain-will-experiment-with-four-day-workweek?categoryId=89454

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:   

Advocate n.– a person who publicly supports or recommends a cause or policy. 

• Advocates of the 4-day workweek say the policy will help people achieve work-life balance. 

• Animal right advocates will lobby against the inhumane removal of iguanas.   

Firsthand adj. and adv.- information or experience from the original source 

• Spain will learn firsthand on how to achieve a 4-day workweek. 

• We need to find out who had the firsthand experience in fixing the problem.   

Experiment n.– a scientific procedure to test a hypothesis 

• The 4-day workweek will be an experiment for the Spanish government. 

• We would have to make sure we are safe in case the experiment goes wrong. 

每日英語跟讀 Ep.K150: What to Save? Climate Change Forces Brutal Choices at National Parks

For more than a century, the core mission of the National Park Service has been preserving the natural heritage of the United States. But now, as the planet warms, transforming ecosystems, the agency is conceding that its traditional goal of absolute conservation is no longer viable in many cases.

一百多年來，美國國家公園管理局的核心使命一直是保存美國的自然遺產，然而在地球暖化改變生態系的當下，管理局承認，該局完全保育的傳統目標在許多情況下已經不再可行。

The service published an 80-page document that lays out new guidance for park managers in the era of climate change. The document, along with two peer-reviewed papers, is essentially a tool kit for the new world. It aims to help park ecologists and managers confront the fact that, increasingly, they must now actively choose what to save, what to shepherd through radical environmental transformation and what will vanish forever.

管理局發表一分80頁的文件，載明氣候變遷時代國家公園管理人的新指導原則。就本質而言，這分文件與另外兩篇通過同儕審查的論文，是邁向新世界的一套工具。這分文件旨在協助國家公園生態學者和管理人面對事實，也就是他們如今愈來愈需要主動選擇該保存什麼、該引導護衛什麼去挺過激烈的環境變化，以及該讓什麼永遠消失。

“The concept of things going back to some historical fixed condition is really just no longer tenable,” said Patty Glick, a senior scientist for climate adaptation at the National Wildlife Federation and one of the lead authors of the document.

民間組織美國國家野生動物同盟氣候調適資深科學家、這分文件領銜作者之一派提．葛利克說：「讓一切維持在歷史上某個固定狀態的概念，再也站不住腳了。」

The new research and guidance — which focus on how to plan for worst-case scenarios, decide what species and landscapes to prioritize, and how to assess the risk of relocating those that can’t survive otherwise — represent a kind of “reckoning” for the Park Service, Glick said.

葛利克說，新研究和指導原則重點放在如何為最壞情況做準備，決定那些物種和地貌要優先保存，以及如何評估遷移那些不遷走就活不下去的物種的風險，對管理局來說是種「算總帳」。

For a profession long tied to maintaining historical precedents, the change is brutal, said Gregor W. Schuurman, a scientist with the climate change response program at the Park Service who helped to write the new guidance.

新指導原則作者之一、管理局氣候變遷因應專案科學家舒爾曼說，對於慣於延續歷史先例的生態保育這一行而言，這種改變很殘酷。

“It’s bargaining. Nobody wants to do this. We all got in this game, as the Park Service mission says, to ‘conserve unimpaired,’ ” Schuurman said. “But if you can’t do that in the way you thought, you have to see what you can do. There’s often more flexibility there than one imagines.”

舒爾曼說：「這是種取捨。沒人想這樣做。我們都從事這一行，正如管理局使命所言，去『原封不動保存』。不過如果不能按自己想法做，就得看看能怎麼做。通常彈性比你以為的大。」

The team behind the report kept a low profile during the Trump administration, when the Park Service was at the center of frequent political battles. The day before President Joe Biden’s inauguration, they began publishing their papers, which were years in the making.

撰寫報告的團隊在川普政府時期保持低調，當時管理局經常是政治鬥爭的焦點。現任總統拜登就職前一天，他們才開始發表寫了多年的論文。

The first one, titled “Resist, Accept, Direct,” aims to help park employees triage species and landscapes. In some cases, that will mean giving up long efforts to save them. The second outlines how to assess risks when relocating species. That may be crucial to saving plants and animals that can no longer survive in their natural habitat.

第一篇題為「抗拒，接受，指導」，旨在幫助國家公園職員依照物種和地貌的重要性分類。在某些情況下，那意味放棄長久以來拯救物種和地貌的努力。第二篇介紹如何評估重新安置物種的風險，這對拯救再也無法在天然棲地存活的動植物而言很關鍵。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5512192

更多Podcast單元:

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

精選詞彙 VOCAB Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab

語音直播 15mins Live Podcast, 就在https://www.15mins.today/15mins-live-podcast

文法練習 In-TENSE Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

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