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每日英語跟讀 Ep.990: About SKorea -1 in 4 office workers are YouTubers on the side: survey

Kang Tae-kwon, an office worker in his 30s, has his own YouTube channel with more than 100,000 subscribers. Its main focus is on introducing Korean culture to non-Koreans, which is unrelated to his job at a state-owned company in the agricultural sector.

姜太權（譯音）是一名30多歲的辦公室職員，擁有自己的YouTube頻道，訂戶逾10萬名。該頻道主要的重點是將韓國文化介紹給外國人，和他在一家農業領域國有企業的工作內容無關。

At its peak, he was making around 2 million won a month. "I seriously considered quitting my job to become a professional YouTuber, which may have led to higher income. But I decided to leave it as a hobby," he said.

最高時，他（靠這份副業）月賺約200萬韓元。他說，「我曾認真考慮過辭職，成為一名專職YouTube創作者，收入可能會更高。但我決定當作嗜好」。

A recent survey conducted in September by Incruit among 735 office employees showed that 29 percent of them have a YouTube channel. The reasons why they became YouTubers were "To keep a record of my daily life and share it with others" chosen by 47 percent and "For additional income" by 36 percent, followed by "Career development and self-promotion" by 10 percent.

最近一項由南韓就業入口網站Incruit在9月間針對735名辦公室員工所做的調查顯示，其中29％受訪者有一個YouTube頻道。而他們成為YouTube創作者的原因，47％選擇「將我的日常生活記錄下來，並與其他人分享」。36％是「為了（增加）額外收入」，10％則為「生涯發展及自我推銷」。

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Korea bracing for post US-election diplomacy 南韓為美大選後外交做準備

The government is closely watching developments in the U.S. presidential election and crafting corresponding responses, according to Cheong Wa Dae and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

根據青瓦台和南韓外交部，南韓政府正密切關注美國總統大選發展，並制定因應反應。

Seoul is expected to pursue active diplomacy for direct communication between President Moon and the president-elect after the results of the election are confirmed. Despite the political uncertainties in Washington, Cheong Wa Dae has underscored its unwavering focus on its policy priority to pursue peace on the Korean Peninsula in close cooperation with the U.S.

首爾可望在美國大選結果塵埃落定後，採取旨在使南韓總統文在寅與美國總統當選人之間直接溝通的主動積極外交政策。即使華府內部存在政治不確定性，青瓦台已強調其堅定聚焦在與美國密切合作追求朝鮮半島和平的政策優先。

Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha will embark on a trip to Washington, Nov. 8, to discuss key issues in the alliance with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, according to a statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Another important occasion for the two countries is the visit of U.S. National Security Advisor Robert O’Brien to Seoul later this month to reciprocate his Korean counterpart Suh’s Oct. 15 visit to Washington.

根據南韓外交部一份聲明，南韓外長康京和11月8日將展開華府行，與美國國務卿龐皮歐商討美、韓同盟的關鍵議題。兩國另一個重要時機，乃美國國家安全顧問歐布萊恩為答謝青瓦台國家安保室長徐薰10月15日訪問華府，而在本月稍晚回訪首爾。

Summary:

The article highlights how COVID-19 is impacting the world as we see it as well as the world that we don’t see. People who are excluded from society, like those without identification, without access to water and electricity, without access to healthcare because of geographical location, poverty, not to mention displaced by regional conflict are the worst hit. Those who were struggling before COVID 19, will be the hardest hit in this pandemic. This is why universal healthcare plays such an important role. MSF, aka Doctors without Borders, is an international independent medical humanitarian organization that provides medical assistance to people affected by conflict, epidemic, disaster, or exclusion from healthcare. MSF has been providing assistance since 1971 around the world. In 2016, MSF established a branch office in Taiwan, and as of last year (2019) they have formally established themselves as the MSF /Doctors without Borders Taiwan Foundation.

原文章討論: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-984-msf-what-the-coronavirus-pandemic-can-teach-us-about

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

Vulnerable adj. – susceptible to physical or emotional harm

• People who cannot access healthcare are vulnerable to infectious diseases.

Deploy v. move into position or utilize

• MSF deployed medical teams in Hong Kong earlier this year and later in Italy in response to the pandemic.

Gap n. a break or a hole in an object or and unfilled space.

• Universal healthcare can help bridge the gap of health inequality.

每日英語跟讀 Ep.989: Paul McCartney's Tip to Michael Jackson Pays Off

It is one of the twice-told tales of the music business: Decades ago, Michael Jackson received some sound investment advice from Paul McCartney.

這是個音樂事業圈中人盡皆知的故事：數十年前，麥可傑克森從保羅麥卡尼那兒獲得一些很好的投資建議。

Back in the early 1980s, McCartney showed his friend a notebook full of songs he owned, by artists like Buddy Holly. The real money, McCartney suggested, was in music publishing, the side of the business that deals with the songwriting rights for big catalogs of songs. As McCartney himself has told it, Jackson perked up and said, "I'm gonna buy your songs."

He did. And it was the smartest deal Jackson ever made.

早在1980年代初期，麥卡尼向朋友出示一本筆記簿，上面盡是他所擁有，出自巴迪霍利等眾多歌手的歌曲曲目。麥卡尼當時表示，真正能賺大錢的是音樂出版，亦即這行業裡處理大規模歌曲曲目創作權的一方。正如麥卡尼本人所說的，傑克森興奮地說：「我會買下你的歌。」

他的確買了，而這也是傑克森一生之中所做過的最聰明的交易。

In 1985, Jackson bought the ATV catalog, which included 251 Beatles songs, along with a few thousand others, for $47.5 million. It proved to be Jackson's most valuable asset, helping to finance a lavish lifestyle even as Jackson's own musical career reached a low point in the years before his death in 2009.

傑克森在1985年時以4750萬美元買下了聯合電視台（ATV）所擁有歌曲的版權，包含251首披頭四的歌曲，以及幾千首其他歌曲。後來證明這是傑克森手中最有價值的資產，儘管傑克森在2009年過世前的最後幾年裡，自身的音樂事業陷入了低潮，這筆資產仍然支撐著他奢華的生活。

Now those songs have helped provide a windfall for his estate. On Monday, Sony said it had agreed to pay $750 million for the Jackson estate's share of what is now Sony/ATV — a collection of more than 1 million songs, with hits by Taylor Swift and Lady Gaga, chestnuts like "Moon River" and "Mona Lisa," and of course the Beatles songs.

Sony's buyout caps an extraordinary turnaround in Jackson's finances that began after his death. Jackson died more than $500 million in debt, having drawn on his share of Sony/ATV as a lifeline through a $270 million loan in 2006, years after his last hit but shortly after he was acquitted of child molestation in a trial that damaged his public image around the world.

如今，這些歌曲為他的遺產管理委員會增添了一筆意外之財。索尼周一說，已同意支付7.5億美元買下傑克森遺產管理委員會所擁有的Sony/ATV股權。Sony/ATV手中擁有超過1萬首歌曲，有泰勒絲跟女神卡卡的熱門歌曲、老歌如「月河」和「蒙娜麗莎」，當然還有披頭四的歌曲。

索尼的這項收購使得傑克森死後開始的財務狀況有了不尋常的轉變。傑克森去世時負債超過5億美元，曾利用他的Sony/ATV股權當成救命索，在2006年時貸款了2.7億美元。當時距他上次推出轟動歌曲已過數年，但離他在一場猥褻兒童審判中被判無罪的時間點並不久，而那一場審判也損壞了他在全球各地的公眾形象。

The Jackson estate has long since paid off most of Jackson's personal debts. But the latest deal will allow it to clear its last obligation, a $250 million debt that was tied to Jackson's holdings in Sony/ATV.

The deal for the song catalog could now push those earnings above $1 billion, a big return for a financial move that began as a simple conversation between two music legends.

傑克森的遺產管理委員會早已還清他大部分的個人債務。不過，這個最新交易將讓他償清最後債務，一筆與傑克森在Sony/ATV中股份相關的2.5億美元債務。

這筆歌曲版權交易現在可能會將獲利數字推高至10億美元以上，而這對以兩位音樂傳奇人物之間簡單對話為起頭的財務行動來說，是個很大的回報。

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/295664/web/

每日英語跟讀 Ep.988: Trump Books Keep Coming, and Readers Can't Stop Buying

Since it was released in May, the latest book in the Hunger Games series, “The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes,” has sold 1.3 million copies, a home run of a bestseller by publishing's standards.

飢餓遊戲系列最新作品「鳴鳥與蛇之歌」自五月發售以來，已賣出130萬冊，以出版品的標準而言，算是暢銷書的全壘打。

Mary Trump's memoir about her uncle, “Too Much and Never Enough,” outsold it in its first week.

瑪麗．川普描寫她叔叔的回憶錄「坐擁一切卻永不滿足」（暫譯），出版首周就打破了前者的銷售量。

Books about politicians and government are not considered surefire commercial hits. But since President Donald Trump entered office, books about his campaign, his administration, his family, his business, his policies, even his golf game have poured out of publishing houses big and small.

就商業眼光而言，關於政客及政府的書並不被看好必然熱賣。但是自從唐納．川普上台後，關於他的競選陣營、他的政府、他的家庭、他的事業、他的政策，甚至他的高爾夫球賽的書，卻從大小出版社傾洩而出。

“No matter what your political position, there's really no doubt that the strong feelings around the Trump administration have pushed book sales in a way we've never seen before in the political arena,” said Kristen McLean, the executive director of business development at NPD Books, a market research firm.

「不論你的政治立場如何，那股對川普政府的強烈感覺，無疑以我們在政治場域從未見過的方式，推動了書籍的銷售。」市場研究公司NPDBooks企業開發執行總監克莉汀．麥林說。

Early on in Trump's presidency came the first big journalistic exposés, starting with Michael Wolff's “Fire and Fury” and then Bob Woodward's “Fear,” which sold more than 2 million copies. Next came the insider accounts of the tumult within the White House from the many officials who resigned or were fired and sought to revive their reputations and fortunes with breathless, often news-making memoirs.

川普就任之初，首波是知名記者的爆料之作，以麥可．沃爾夫的「烈焰與怒火」（暫譯）揭開序幕，接著是鮑伯．伍華德的「恐懼」，賣出超過200萬冊。之後是局內人對於白宮內部騷動的說法，來自許多請辭或被開革的官員，用令人屏息且常成為新聞話題的回憶錄，尋求恢復名譽及財富。

“Political books broadly have worked more or less in proportion to how polarizing the figure that they orbit is, and you don't get more polarizing than Donald J. Trump,” said Eamon Dolan, an executive editor at Simon & Schuster who edited Mary Trump's book.

「總的來說，政治書籍的銷售量多少與主題人物造成分化對立的能力成正比，而沒有人比川普更能讓人們分化對立了。」負責編輯瑪麗川普新書的賽門舒斯特執行編輯伊曼．多倫說。

Real-time political books detailing the inner workings of an administration have been a popular genre for decades, dating to the Eisenhower era. But the volume of titles, and the audience for them, has surged in recent years.

描述政府內部運作細節的即時性政治書籍，數十年來一直是受歡迎的類別，可溯至艾森豪時代。但是出版書籍的種數及其受眾，近年卻急速增加。

The subgenres that have emerged—books that praise the president, books that criticize him, White House memoirs, journalistic narratives—have taken off to an unprecedented degree under Donald Trump, said Jon Meacham, a biographer and the author of books about Presidents Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Franklin Roosevelt and George H.W. Bush.

曾以湯瑪斯．傑佛遜、安德魯．傑克遜、法蘭克林．羅斯福和喬治．H.W.．布希等總統為主題人物的傳記作家強．馬塞姆說，其中出現的的子類別，像是讚美總統的書，批評他的書，白宮回憶錄以及新聞性敘事，在川普上任後增至前所未見的程度。

In the last four years, there have been more than 1,200 unique titles about Trump, compared with around 500 books about Obama and his administration during Obama's first term, according to an analysis by NPD BookScan.

根據NPD BookScan的分析，過去這四年裡，關於川普的書籍種數超過1200本。而歐巴馬第一任期內與歐巴馬及其政府有關的書，則僅只有500本左右。

Some in the industry credit the soaring sales of political books with lifting the industry overall in recent months, despite the pandemic and economic crisis.

儘管處於疫情和經濟危機之中，出版業近幾個月業績卻獲得支撐而不墜，一些人歸功於政治書籍銷量狂增。

“When Donald Trump recommends a book, it has little impact on sales, but when Trump hates a book, it rockets to No. 1,” said Latimer, the Washington literary agent. “You pray for Trump to hate your book, and you pray for him to tweet about it.”

「川普推薦一本書，對銷售沒什麼影響。但是當川普討厭一本書時，它會衝到排行榜榜首。」華盛頓版權代理人拉特莫說，「你祈禱川普討厭你的書，而且還祈禱他推文講這件事。」

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/357229/web/

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.987: Plastic-Bag Charge in England Prompts Applause, Anger and Humor

Some critics predicted chaos, confusion and "bag rage." But while this week's introduction of a 5 pence charge for plastic shopping bags in England did not lead to a nationwide mutiny, as some had warned, it did prove polarizing.

Environmentalists, for the most part, praised the government initiative introduced on Monday（Oct.5）, saying it would reduce pollution and waste. After all, it can take 1,000 years for a plastic bag to decompose, according to an estimate by Nick Clegg, who was deputy prime minister at the time the step was announced. Last year, major supermarkets in England handed out roughly 7.6 billion single-use plastic bags, about 140 per person, the government has estimated.

一些批評者預言此事必會引發混亂、困惑及「袋怒症」。實則，英格蘭本周開始每個塑膠購物袋收取5便士並未出現全境性反彈，然而正如部分人士所警告的，它的確引起了兩極化的反應。

環保派多半讚揚政府周一（10月5日）推出的這個行動，表示這將使汙染和廢棄物減少。畢竟，據措施宣布時擔任英國副首相的尼克．克萊格估計，一個塑膠袋可能要長達1千年才能分解。政府估計，英格蘭主要超市去年約發出76億個一次性塑膠袋，平均每人約拿140個。

The government hopes the fee, equivalent to about 8 cents, will help reduce the cost of cleaning up garbage by 60 million pounds, or about $80 million, over the next decade.

Stores and supermarkets are being encouraged to donate the proceeds from the bag charge to charitable causes, and are expected to raise 730 million pounds for such endeavors.

政府希望，每個袋子收費約合8美分（台幣2.4元）的作法，能使未來10年的垃圾清理成本減少6千萬英鎊，約合8千萬美元（台幣24億元）。

當局鼓勵商店與超市將塑膠袋收入捐給慈善事業，如此預計可募得7.3億英鎊。

But critics of the new fee say it will stoke mayhem, given the long list of exemptions; shoppers can still get a free plastic bag if they are buying pet fish; raw fish, meat or poultry; unwrapped blades (including axes, knives and razor blades); takeout food; or loose seeds and flowers. There are also worries that customers might verbally abuse supermarket cashiers, and some retailers have provided members of their staff with training on how to cope with angry shoppers.

但批評新費用者說，一長串的豁免項目將引起混亂；若消費者購買寵物魚、生魚、肉或家禽、未包裝的刀片（包括斧頭、刀和刮鬍刀片）、外賣食物或零散的種子和花，仍可拿到免費塑膠袋。也有人擔心顧客會辱罵超市收銀員，有些零售業者已開始訓練員工如何應付憤怒的顧客。

Then there were worries that shoppers would throng the British capital’s already harried streets, clutching, for example, jars of tomato sauce. One man who didn’t want to pay for a plastic bag for a single item was seen walking down a street in North London holding a package of wrapped salmon. Yet another fear is that there will be a glut of eating at checkout counters as wily consumers try to scarf down food before paying for it.

然後令人憂心的是，消費者將把本已忙碌的英國首都街道擠滿，手上抓著罐裝番茄醬之類東西。有位老兄不想為單一物品付塑膠袋的錢，抱著一袋包裝好的鮭魚走在北倫敦街頭。另有件事讓人憂心，很多人會在結帳櫃檯吃將起來，精於盤算的消費者會試圖把食物吃掉再付帳。

That similar plastic-bag charges exist in the other parts of Britain — Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland — seems to not influence the critics. In Wales, use of plastic bags has dropped 79 percent since a 5 pence charge was put in effect in 2011.

The new rules in England apply to retailers with more than 250 full-time employees. Retailers that fail to properly enforce the measure can be fined up to 5,000 pounds.

英國其他地區（威爾斯、北愛爾蘭及蘇格蘭）都收取類似塑膠袋費，但批評者似乎並未因而降低音量。威爾斯2011年開始收取5便士至今，塑膠袋用量減少了79%。

英格蘭新規定適用於全職員工超過250人的零售業者，未適切執行者最高可罰5千英鎊。

Similar efforts to regulate plastic bag have been put in place across the world.

In 2002, Bangladesh became the first country to introduce a ban on thin plastic bags amid concerns that they were clogging drainage pipes and contributing to devastating flooding.

規範塑膠袋使用的類似努力已在全球各地實施。

孟加拉2002年成為第一個推出薄塑膠袋禁令的國家，因為擔心塑膠袋堵住排水管且造成毀滅性洪災。

In 2008, Rwanda banned plastic bags outright, helping to solidify its image as one of the most environmentally conscious nations in East Africa.

In the United States, many communities have regulated or even prohibited the bags. Since 2007, they have been banned in nearly 100 municipalities in California, including Los Angeles. In 2014, California banned stores from giving out free plastic bags. The law was to take effect in July, but after lobbying by opponents of the bill, including the bag industry, a referendum on whether to repeal the ban is planned for November 2016.

盧安達在2008年完全禁用塑膠袋，鞏固了它東非環保意識模範國的形象。

在美國，許多社區已規範或甚至禁用塑膠袋。2007年起，塑膠袋已在加州洛杉磯等近百城市禁用。加州2014年立法禁止商店發放免費塑膠袋，原定當年7月生效，但在包括塑膠袋產業在內的反對者遊說下，計畫於2016年11月就是否廢除禁令進行公投。

Only a tiny fraction of plastic bags are recycled, while many end up in kitchen cupboards, floating through the air or wasting away slowly in landfills. "Plastic bags end up everywhere — stashed in cupboards, floating down canals, littering our streets or killing wildlife," Friends of the Earth, a British environmental group, said in a statement welcoming the new measure.

However, the TaxPayers' Alliance, an anti-tax group, said the new measure would burden families who are already struggling to get by.

只有極小部分塑膠袋被回收再利用，卻有許多最後待在廚房櫥櫃內、飄浮在空中，或在垃圾掩埋場慢慢腐爛。英國環保團體「地球之友」在歡迎這項新措施的聲明中說：「塑膠袋落得到處都是 -- 藏身於櫥櫃內、飄流在運河中、散布在我們的街頭，或殺死了野生動物。」

然而，反稅團體「納稅人聯盟」說，新措施將使那些已在掙扎圖存的家庭負擔更重。

A 2013 study by the Washington-based National Center for Policy Analysis, which champions laissez-faire economics, argued that paper and reusable bags were worse for the environment than plastic bags when it came to energy and water use, and to greenhouse gas emissions. "Every type of grocery bag incurs environmental costs," wrote H. Sterling Burnett, the author of the study.

提倡自由放任經濟的華府美國國家政策分析中心在2013年的研究報告中主張，就能源和水的使用及溫室氣體排放而言，紙袋跟環保袋比塑膠袋更不環保。報告作者史特林．柏奈特寫道：「每種食品雜貨袋都有環境成本。」

Whatever the arguments, the rules have inspired a mix of applause, resentment, fear and no little humor. "Can England cope with the bag charge, or will there be a bagpocalypse?" Rhiannon Lucy Cosslett asked in the British daily The Guardian. "Plastic Bags Chaos Looms," read a headline in The Daily Mail. Chloe Metzger, a 21-year-old blogger and student, wrote on Twitter: "I understand the whole #plasticbags thing but it couldn't be more annoying."

無論主張為何，新規定已引發多種反應，掌聲，怨恨，憂懼，還有不少的幽默。雷亞儂．露西．科斯雷在英國衛報上問道：「英格蘭能處理好塑膠袋收費嗎，或是將出現袋之末日？」每日郵報的標題則寫道：「塑膠袋亂局一觸即發。」21歲的學生部落客克羅伊．梅茲傑在推特上寫道：「我完全明白塑膠袋這檔事，但它讓人煩透了。」

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/287605/web/

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即刻試聽John老師的「社會人核心英語」課程協助你面對外商主管、同事與客戶 ：https://15minsengcafe.pse.is/umheh

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.986: About the US - Anna Kendrick tops 2020 list of most dangerous celebrity google searches

According to a list compiled by cybersecurity software firm McAfee, Anna Kendrick is 2020’s most dangerous celebrity to search online.

根據1份由網路安全軟體公司McAfee彙整的清單，安娜．坎卓克是2020年線上檢索最危險的名人。

Following Kendrick, the rest of the top-10 most dangerous celebs to search are Sean "Diddy" Combs, Blake Lively, Mariah Carey, Justin Timberlake, Taylor Swift, Jimmy Kimmel, Julia Roberts, Kate McKinnon and Jason Derulo.

除了坎卓克外，其餘前10名危險名人為「吹牛老爹」尚恩康姆斯、布蕾克萊佛莉、賈斯汀、泰勒絲、吉米金摩、茱莉亞羅勃茲、麥金儂與德魯羅。

"Many consumers don’t realize that simple internet searches of their favorite celebrities could potentially lead to malicious content, as cybercriminals often leverage these popular searches to entice fans to click on dangerous links," McAfee notes.

「許多消費者不知道，在網路上簡單搜索他們最喜歡的名人，可能會被引導至惡意內容，網路犯罪也經常掩蓋於熱門檢索詞下，誘使粉絲點擊危險連結，」McAfee說明。

"This year’s study emphasizes that consumers are increasingly searching for content, especially as they look for new forms of entertainment to stream amidst a global pandemic."

「今年的研究強調消費者對內容的檢索量增加，特別是在他們試圖在全球大流行疫情之中，尋找新的娛樂形式。」

Next Article

Trump urges ’patriotic’ classes for schoolkids 川普力促給學童上「愛國」課

US President Donald Trump urged "patriotic" teaching in schools and railed against anti-racism training that he said is destroying national unity.

美國總統川普力促學校進行「愛國」教育，並且抱怨反種族主義教育正在摧毀全國團結。

"The only path to national unity is through our shared identity as Americans. That is why it is so urgent that we finally restore patriotic education to our schools," he said at an event titled the "White House conference on American history."

「邁向全國團結的唯一道路，是透過我們身為美國人的共同身分認同，這就是為什麼我們必定要恢復學校的愛國教育這件事如此迫切。」他在名為「白宮記者會談美國歷史」的活動上說。

Trump called for "a pro-American curriculum that celebrates the truth."

川普呼籲要有「頌揚真相的支持美國課程」。

Trump is going all out to stir up his right-wing base against what he argues is a far-left plot to change the American way of life.

川普正竭盡全力催出他的右翼基本盤，力抗他所宣稱極左派要改變美國生活方式的陰謀。

"We are here today to declare that we will never submit to tyranny. We will reclaim our history, and our country, for citizens of every race, color, religion and creed," Trump said.

「我們今天在此聲明，我們絕不會向暴政屈服，我們將會為每一個種族、膚色、宗教信仰和信念的公民，拿回我們的歷史、我們的國家。」

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1408985 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1408753

每日英語跟讀 Ep.985: Francis first pope to endorse same-sex civil unions

Pope Francis became the first pontiff to endorse same-sex civil unions in comments for a documentary that premiered last Wednesday, sparking cheers from gay Catholics and demands for clarification from conservatives, given the Vatican’s official teaching on the issue.

在上週三首映的一部紀錄片中，教宗方濟各發表了一段意見，成為第一位支持同性民事結合的教宗。此舉讓同性戀天主教徒歡呼，也讓保守派要求梵蒂岡根據此議題的官方教導加以澄清。

The papal thumbs-up came midway through the documentary Francesco, a two-hour film that traces the seven years of his pontificate and his travels, which premiered at the Rome Film Festival. The film, which features fresh interviews with the pope, delves into issues Francis cares about most, including the environment, poverty, migration, racial and income inequality and the people most affected by discrimination.

教宗的這段讚許，出現在紀錄片《方濟各》中段；這部兩小時長的影片，記錄教宗就任七年來的職務及旅程，並在羅馬國際影展首映。這部影片特別收錄了對教宗的新採訪，探討方濟各最關心的問題，包括環境、貧窮、移民、種族與收入之不平等，以及受歧視影響最大的人。

“Homosexual people have the right to be in a family. They are children of God,” Francis said in the film. “You can’t kick someone out of a family, nor make their life miserable for this. What we have to have is a civil union law; that way they are legally covered.”

「同性戀者有權在家庭中生活。他們是上帝的孩子」，方濟各在影片中說道。「你不能將某人趕出一個家庭，也不能使他們因此過著悲慘的生活。我們必須要制訂一部民事結合法，這樣他們就可以受到法律保護」。

While serving as archbishop of Buenos Aires, Francis endorsed civil unions for gay couples as an alternative to same-sex marriages. However, he had never come out publicly in favor of civil unions as pope, and no pontiff before him had, either.

方濟各在擔任布宜諾斯艾利斯總主教時，便認可同性戀伴侶的民事結合，以取代同性婚姻。但他擔任教宗後未曾公開表示支持民事結合，他之前的教宗也從未表示過支持。

The pope, who early in his papacy in 2013 made the now-famous “Who am I to judge?” remark about homosexuals trying to live a Christian life, spoke in a section of the film about Andrea Rubera, a gay man who with his partner adopted three children.

對於想要過基督徒生活的同性戀者，教宗早在二○一三年擔任教宗後不久，便說「我憑什麼去評斷他（∕她）」？這句話現已成為名言，也收錄在影片中有關安德里亞‧魯貝拉的部分；魯貝拉是一名男同志，與其伴侶收養了三個孩子。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/10/26/2003745788

Welcome to 15mins.today the home of English shadowing. I'm your host Gavin, and this is InTense Episode 69. Well guys, here we are. The last episode for conjunctions and we are doing subordinating conjunctionstoday. The third kind and these are conjunctions that connect an independent clause, full sentence, to a dependent clause which won't be complete sentence per se, maybe a fragment of one. So, if we look at an example, there are lists of these. Again, just Google subordinating conjunctions and you will find lists of them on there. So, it's just words, and is one of them, so also if, there are many, many more, and I think it's got to do more with how they are used in the sentence, so they might be difficult to spot. What I would suggest again, don't worry about it, just make sure you can spot that it is a conjunction. Let's look at an example, “I couldn't stay for my visa had expired.” That forthere is the subordinating conjunction in this example. So, I think the easiest will be just to do some examples again if you want to list just Google. OK, let's look at some examples.

Did you meet Peter when you were in Paris? Yes, I met Peter when I was in Paris.

Did you meet Peter when you were in Paris? No, I did not meet him when I was in Paris.

Did Susan go although you begged her not to? Yes, she went, although I begged her not to.

Did Susan go, although you begged her not to? No, she did not go because I begged her not to

Was he promoted since he did well? Yes, he was promoted since he did well

Was he promoted since he did well? No, he was not promoted since he did well.

Can Simon go first as he is the most senior? Yes, he can go first as he is the most senior.

Can Simon go first as he is the most senior? No, he cannot go first because he is the most senior.

Would you have known if she hadn't called? Yes, I would have known, even if she hadn't called.

Would you have known if she hadn't called? No, I would not have known if she hadn't called.

Was he up until three trying to get it finished? Yes, he was up until three trying to get it finished.

Was he up until three trying to get it finished? No, he was not up until three trying to get it finished.

Are you embarrassed whenever you think about that? Yes, I am embarrassed whenever I think about that.

Are you embarrassed whenever you think about that? No, I am not embarrassed whenever I think about that.

Do you read while you are commuting? Yes, I read while I am commuting.

Do you read while you are commuting? No, I don't read while I am commuting.

每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing

用email訂閱就可以收到通勤學英語節目更新通知。

Summary:

Before Ms. Kim became a sensation on Youtube, she was an avid gamer. She would play online role playing games till 3 in the morning in 2003. Later her grown children steered her towards making cooking videos on Youtube in 2007 as a better form of expressing herself online. On Youtube, Ms. Kim continued using her online handle as Maangchi and is also now 5m subscriber channel. Now, based in New York, she practices the slow and ancient art of fermenting, making gochujang (chili paste) and doenjang (soybean paste), an umami-rich flavor element pervasive in Korean cooking. The recipe calls for an electric blanket, about four liters of salt and hay; it takes almost a year to complete.

原文章討論: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-937-real-korean-flavor-for-a-youtube-table-youtube

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

Avatar n. an icon or figure representing a person in video games

• My online avatar in World of Warcraft is an Orc with two horns.

Lighthearted adj. amusing and entertaining

• Although Ms. Kim presents herself as lighthearted, she is actually a strict cooking teacher.

Recipe n. instructions for preparing a dish

• My grandmother’s secret recipe was her love.

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本集由財團法人無國界醫生基金會公益贊助

This episode is sponsored by Médecins Sans Frontières/ Doctors Without Borders Taiwan Foundation

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.983: MSF: What the coronavirus pandemic can teach us about universal healthcare

How are you supposed to wash your hands regularly if you have no running water or soap?

How can you implement ‘social distancing’ if you live in a slum or a refugee camp?

How are you supposed to stop crossing borders if you are fleeing from war?

How are those with pre-existing health conditions going to take extra precautions if they already can’t afford or access the treatment they need?

Everyone is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic but the impact may be felt by some more than others.

試想以下問題：如果您沒有自來水或肥皂，該如何勤洗手？ 如果您住在貧民窟或難民營中，如何與人保持社交距離？ 如果您要逃離戰火，能不越過國界嗎？如果那些健康有問題的人早已無法負擔或獲得所需的治療，該如何採取額外的預防措施？ 每個人都受到了2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19，或新冠肺炎）大流行的影響，但某些人可能比其他人更首當其衝。

As COVID-19 spreads further, it will continue to expose the inequalities that exist in our health systems. It will expose the exclusion of certain groups from accessing care, either because of their legal status or because of other factors that make them a target of the state.

It will expose the under-investment in free public healthcare for all, which means that access to quality care will for some be based on purchasing power and not medical need.

It will expose the failure of governments – not just health services – to plan for and deliver services that meet the needs of everyone. It will expose the life-threatening vulnerabilities caused by displacement, violence, poverty and war.

隨著新冠肺炎的進一步擴散，它將持續暴露全球衛生系統存在的不平等現象：某些群體因法律地位或其他因素，使他們成為當地政府的目標，被排拒於醫療體系外，無法獲得醫療服務；它將暴露政府在免費公共醫療方面的投資不足，也就是說，有些人要獲得有品質的醫療服務，是取決於購買能力，而非醫療需求；它也會暴露出各地政府在規劃和提供服務以滿足需求上的失敗，而這不僅限於醫療服務；它將暴露面對流離失所、暴力、貧窮和戰爭威脅者生命的脆弱。

The people who will especially suffer will be those already neglected – due to austerity measures, who have fled because of war, who don’t have access to treatment for existing conditions because of privatised healthcare.

And it will also be those who can’t stock up on food because they already can’t afford a meal every night of the week, who are underpaid, overworked and deprived of sick leave, unable to work from home – and those trapped in conflict zones under bombing and siege.

社會中被忽視的群體遭受更多的苦難，包括受緊縮措施影響的人、逃避戰火的人、因醫療私有化無法就現有疾病接受治療的人、無法存夠糧食，甚至連每日一餐也負擔不起的人；還有低薪階層、過勞、被剝奪病假、無法在家工作的人，以及在武裝衝突地區飽受轟炸和圍困的人。

And how are you supposed to treat patients without all the material that you need?

Many health systems bracing for the impact of COVID-19 have already been hammered to breaking point by war, political mismanagement, under-resourcing, corruption, austerity and sanctions.

They are already barely able to cope with normal patient loads.

還有，在醫療物資短缺的情況下，又該如何治療病患？ 由於戰爭、政治管理不善、資源不足、腐敗、緊縮政策和制裁等原因，許多準備應對新冠肺炎衝擊的衛生系統已經瀕臨崩潰，這些國家幾乎無法應對一般會出現的病患人數。

These policies are the enemy of our collective health.

新冠肺炎讓我們所有人都感受到，社會排斥、免費醫療服務減少、以及不平等加劇帶來的後果，而這些政策是我們維持整體社會健康的共同敵人。

As MSF scales up its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we will focus on the most vulnerable and neglected.

We started working in Hong Kong earlier this year in response to the first cases of COVID-19 and we now have medical teams deployed to respond in the heart of the pandemic in Italy.

We will continue to scale up as much as it is feasible as this crisis spreads.

無國界醫生會擴大新冠肺炎大流行的應對行動，重點關注最弱勢和被忽視的人群。我們從今年初在香港，即新冠肺炎病例初期出現的地方展開工作，現在我們已經派出醫療團隊在義大利疫情爆發的中心參與救援。隨著這場危機的蔓延，我們將盡可能擴大工作規模。

However, there are decisions that can be taken now that will already ease the impending disaster that many communities may soon face.

The congested camps on the Greek islands need to be evacuated. That doesn’t mean sending people back to Syria where war still rages.

It means finding a way to integrate people into communities where they will be able to practice safety measures such as social distancing and self-isolation.

然而，我們現在可以採取某些決策，以緩解許多社群迫在眉睫的災難。待在希臘群島擁擠難民營內的難民需被撤離，這並不代表要將他們遣返回戰爭仍在持續的敘利亞，而是尋找一種方法協助他們融入社會，讓他們能自行採取防疫措施，例如保持社交距離及自我隔離。

In addition to this, supplies need to be shared across borders according to where the needs are the greatest. This needs to start with countries in Europe sharing their supplies with Italy.

It will soon need to extend to other regions that will be hit by this pandemic and whose ability to cope is already compromised.

除此之外，各國應跨越國界共享醫療物資，運送到有最大需求的地方，此舉可由歐洲各國與義大利共享醫療物資開始做起。相信不久的將來，有更多地區會受到這場疫情的影響，它們的應對能力已被削弱，這種共享醫療物資的援助，必須擴展至這些地區。

As MSF, we will also need to manage the gaps we will face in staffing our other ongoing emergency projects.

Our medical response to measles in DRC needs to continue. So too does our response to the emergency needs of the war-affected communities of Cameroon or the Central African Republic.

These are just some of the communities we cannot afford to let down. For them, COVID-19 is yet another assault on their survival.

作為無國界醫生，我們還需處理人員短缺，以派出救援人員到其他緊急專案。我們還要繼續應對在剛果民主共和國爆發的麻疹疫情，協助喀麥隆或中非共和國當地的人因戰爭影響產生的緊急需求，這些都是我們無法置之不顧的社群。對於他們來說，新冠肺炎對他們的生存是另一種衝擊。

This pandemic is exposing our collective vulnerability. The powerlessness felt by many of us today, the cracks in our feeling of safety, the doubts about the future.

These are all the fears and concerns felt by so many in society who have been excluded, neglected or even targeted by those in positions of power.

I hope COVID-19 not only teaches us to wash our hands but makes governments understand that healthcare must be for all.

這次新冠肺炎大流行暴露了我們集體的脆弱。今時此刻，我們當中有許多人感到無力、不安全，甚至對未來產生懷疑。這些都是社會中許多被當權者所排拒、忽視，甚或被針對者所感到的恐懼和憂慮。我希望新冠肺炎不僅教會我們要勤洗手，同時也可使各國政府明白，醫療服務必須要顧及到所有人。

MSF授權中文文章: https://www.msf.org.tw/news/202006/502 ; MSF授權英文文章: https://blogs.msf.org/bloggers/jonathan/covid-19-what-coronavirus-pandemic-can-teach-us-about-universal-healthcare