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每日英語跟讀 Ep.826: In space, at sea: tips on isolation from the pros

 

With billions of people around the world suddenly adjusting to social distancing measures as part of the battle to slow the spread of COVID-19, some professionals who are used to confinement have some tips. From astronauts to submariners, here are some practical ways to boost your well-being and stave off cabin fever during those weeks stuck at home.

 

為減緩武漢肺炎的傳播，全世界有數十億人忽然得要適應政府的抗疫措施，以保持社交距離。對此，幾位習於禁足狀態的專業人士提供了一些訣竅。從太空人到潛水艇人員，以下是他們所提供的實用方法，可以讓你待在家這幾週的健康情況改善，並避免幽閉煩躁症。

 

‘Have a schedule’

Scott Kelly, a retired NASA astronaut, spent nearly a year aboard the International Space Station. He told AFP that mindset was crucial. “People need to have the right expectation, we don’t know when this is gonna be over,” he said. “We could be in this for the long haul so your mindset needs to be: I’m living a similar thing to living in space for a year, I need to have a schedule, I need to get up at a regular time, to go to sleep at a regular time.” He also said exercise was key for both physical and mental well-being while confined. “You need to schedule time for exercise. If you cannot get out if you don’t have a garden, raise the window shade, open the window and stick your head outside, make that part of daily routine.”

 

「按表操課」

自美國太空總署退休的太空人史考特‧凱利，曾在國際太空站待了將近一年。他告訴法新社說，心態是至關重要的。他說：「我們不知道這情況何時會結束，人們必須有這正確的預期心理」。「我們可能會處於這種狀態很長的時間，因此你的心態應該是這樣：我現在就像是要在太空生活一年，我需要有作息時間表，需要定時起床、定時去睡覺」。他還說，禁足在家時，運動對於身體和心理的健康至關重要。「你需要安排運動的時間。如果你沒有花園、不能出去，那就拉起窗簾、打開窗戶，然後把頭伸到外面，把它排程為每日例行公事之一」。

 

Find your mission

For Vincent Larnaudie-Eiffel, a former commander of a nuclear submarine, working well in confinement means finding and investing in your own personal “mission.” Just like on board the sub, “stuck in our apartments, we all share a mission and that is to protect others, medical workers, and successfully navigate this ordeal.” He said it was important to establish a daily routine and stick to it. “You can’t give in... you need to do something with this suspended time.” For Larnaudie-Eiffel and his crewmates, this involved building models or growing plants under artificial light during their spare time. “It’s also important that everyone has their own space,” he told AFP. “In a submarine it might be a cramped bed-space. It’s the same in a cramped apartment.”

 

找到你的使命

對曾任核子潛艇司令官的凡松‧拉諾迪—艾菲爾來說，在居家隔離時把工作做好，意味找到你自己的「使命」並投入其中。如同在潛艇中一樣，「我們困在公寓裡，所有人都有著共同的使命，那就是保護別人、保護醫療人員，並成功度過這嚴酷的考驗」。他說，建立一套每日例行程序並堅持下去，是很重要的。「你不能屈服……你必須用這段停擺的時間來做點事情」。對於拉諾迪—艾菲爾及其潛艇組員來說，這包括在閒暇時組裝模型，或是利用人造光種植物。「每個人都有自己的空間也是很重要的」，他告訴法新社說。「在潛水艇中，此個人空間或許是個狹窄的床位。若是身處狹小的公寓，也是一樣的道理」。

 

‘Try new things’

Sailor Isabelle Autissier was the first woman to circumnavigate the globe alone. This involved a lot of time to herself. But she said she never felt lonely because “I chose to be alone.” For people stuck at home she recommends using the time “to try new things, reading, listening to different music, write your journal, take photos, start drawing.” Above all it’s important that people don’t look too far ahead. When she was at sea, facing an indeterminate amount of time alone “the first thing is not to count the days,” said Autissier. “You can’t constantly be thinking I’ll get there in three months, in a month, in 10 minutes.”

 

「嘗試新事物」

航海家伊莎貝‧歐提西耶是第一位獨自環繞地球航行的女性。要完成此舉，她必須孤身一人很長一段時間。但她說她從不覺得孤獨，因為「是我選擇了獨自一人」。對於那些困在家裡的人，她建議可以利用這段時間「嘗試新事物、閱讀、聽不同的音樂、寫日記、拍照、開始畫畫」。最重要的，是不要想得太遠。歐提西耶說，當她在海上時，面對不知將會持續多久的獨處時間，「第一件事就是不要去數日子」。「你不能一直去想說我會在三個月、一個月、十分鐘後抵達那裡」。

 

‘Morale dips are normal’

Cyprien Verseux, an astrobiologist at Germany’s University of Bremen, once spent over a year in a small pod with five other volunteers simulating conditions in a future mission to Mars. “It’s normal for your morale and productivity to dip,” he said. “That’s not a sign of weakness. Don’t add guilt to your problems.” When in confinement for the experiment, Verseux wasn’t allowed outside and was forbidden from communicating in real time with the outside world. “Even if we don’t all react the same to confinement we can adopt good practise that makes these periods more manageable,” he said.

He recommends choosing one or two activities and practising hard. “Also do your sport, light weights, do yoga, zumba... even if there’s a lack of space there are solutions to stay in shape,” he said.

 

「士氣低落是正常的」

德國不來梅大學的天體生物學家西普揚‧維索曾與五名志願者一起，在一個小艙裡待了一年多，模擬未來火星探索任務之情境。

他說：「你的士氣和生產力下降是正常的」。「這並不表示你軟弱。不要把罪惡感再加到你的問題上頭」。

維索參與這禁足的實驗時，不能到艙外，也被禁止與外界進行即時溝通。他說：「即便我們對被禁足的反應不同，我們也可以採用一些好的做法，來使這些時間更容易度過」。

他建議選擇一、兩項活動並努力練習。他說：「你也可以做運動、減肥、做瑜伽、跳森巴舞……即使空間不足，也可以找到解決辦法來維持身材」。

 

Stay in touch

In 2009, astronaut Frank de Winne became the first European to command the International Space Station. He said it was vital to maintain human contact, even if only electronically. “Means of communication are there, you have to make the effort and use them,” he said. The Belgian, now in quarantine on Earth, makes sure to video call his elderly mother at the same time each day. “That allows her to see me. It also creates a bit of structure for her because she knows that I’m going to call her,” he said.

 

保持聯繫

太空人法蘭克‧德溫勒在二○○九年成為指揮國際太空站的第一位歐洲人。他說，保持人與人之間的聯繫極為重要，即便只是透過電子的方式。「我們已經有了溝通的工具，你必須付諸行動來運用它」。比利時籍的他現正在地球上進行隔離，且每天一定會在同樣的時間跟年邁的母親視訊通話。他說：「這讓她可以看到我。這也給她一個時間框架，因為她知道我會在這時候打電話給她」。

 

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/03/31/2003733674

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.825: Americans Might No Longer Prefer Sons Over Daughters

 

Around the world, parents have typically preferred to have sons more than to have daughters, and U.S. parents have been no different. But there are signs that’s changing. It may be because there’s less bias against girls, and possibly more bias against boys.

 

Gallup surveyed Americans 10 times from 1941-2011, and their answers remained virtually unchanged: If they could have one child, 40 percent would prefer a boy and 28 percent a girl (the rest showed no preference).

 

在世界各地，父母通常喜歡生兒勝過生女，美國父母也不例外。不過，有跡象顯示情況正在改變，可能是因為對女孩的成見少了，也可能是對男孩的成見多了。

蓋洛普公司從1941年到2011年，對美國民眾做過10次調查，回答都差不多：問到如果只能有一個孩子時，40%美國人較希望是男孩，28%希望是女孩，其餘表示男女都好。

 

A new study, however, measured that preference in a different way. While having a daughter versus a son used to make U.S. parents more likely to keep having children, theoretically to try for a son, now the opposite is true: Having a daughter makes it less likely that they keep having children. Some data from adoptions and fertility procedures that allow parents to choose the sex of their baby also shows a preference, to varying degrees, for girls.

 

First- and second-generation U.S. immigrants, the new study found, continue to show a preference for sons. They are more likely to keep having babies after having a daughter — particularly if they are from countries with less gender equity and lower female labor force participation.

 

不過，一項最新研究以另一種方式衡量父母對孩子的性別偏好。在過去，家中已有一個女孩的美國父母更可能繼續生，理論上是為了生個兒子，而如今的調查結果卻正好相反：已有一個女兒的父母反而不太可能繼續生了。一些允許父母選擇孩子性別的領養和生育治療資料也顯示，多數人偏好女兒，只是程度不同而已。

 

這份最新研究顯示，美國第一、第二代移民仍偏愛兒子，他們在生了一個女兒後更可能繼續生孩子，如果他們來自性別較不平等且女性勞動參與率較低的國家，就更是如此。

 

Across cultures, the bias against daughters has been closely tied to women’s second-class status. Sons have been more likely to be successful, carry on the family name and earn money to support family members in old age.

 

But the status of women in the United States has undergone a revolution in the last four decades. Women still face deep inequality and sexism, but they are now more likely to pursue rewarding careers and have a greater role in family decision-making. They are also more likely to be college graduates than are men.

 

Men without college degrees are struggling in the modern job market, which rewards brains more than brawn. And teenage boys and men are almost entirely the bad actors in certain crises the nation is facing, like mass shootings and sexual harassment. The diminishing preference for sons could indicate, among some parents, a growing bias against boys.

 

在各種不同的文化中，重男輕女與女性的次等地位密切相關，兒子較有可能功成名就，延續家族姓氏，並賺錢以扶養家中老人。

 

但美國女性地位在過去40年已經歷革命性改變，儘管她們仍面臨嚴重的不平等和性別歧視，但如今已更可能追尋令人滿意的職涯，並在家庭決策上更具分量。此外，如今美國女孩比男孩更可能成為大學畢業生。

 

在重視腦力甚於體力的現代就業市場上，沒有大學學歷的男性很吃虧，另外，在某些轟動全美的危機，如大規模槍擊和性騷擾案中，犯案的幾乎全是青少年與成年男性。美國父母對兒子的偏愛減弱，可能意味一些父母對男孩的成見越來越深。

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/325066/web/

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.824: About toilet paper - Not a square to spare: Australian shops ration toilet paper amid coronavirus panic

 

Australia’s major grocers put strict limits on purchases of toilet paper on Wednesday, after shoppers stripped shelves in a rush of panic buying spurred by fears over a coronavirus.

 

在購物者因冠狀病毒掀起的恐慌而倉皇大肆搶購，將貨架上商品一掃而空後，澳洲大型零售商店週三對購買衛生紙祭出嚴格限制。

 

The demand for toilet paper, in particular, has sparked the trending hashtags #toiletpapergate and #toiletpapercrisis on Twitter, along with photographs of overloaded shopping trolleys, and calls for calm from baffled officials.

 

尤其，對衛生紙的需求已經在「推特」掀起「衛生紙門」和「衛生紙危機」熱門話題標籤，以及一張張堆到爆滿的購物車照片，和對此難以理解的官員喊話呼籲冷靜。

 

The biggest grocery chain, Woolworths Group Ltd, limited sales to four packs a shopper, to keep up stock levels while suppliers ramp up production.

 

在供應商加速生產的同時，最大連鎖零售商Woolworths集團為了維持存貨量，限制每人最多購買4袋。

 

Shoppers have swooped on other products also. Costco has put limits on purchases of milk, eggs, rice, disinfectants and soap.

 

購物者也搶購其他商品。好市多限制牛奶、雞蛋、米、消毒殺菌品和肥皂的購買量。

 

Next article:

 

Bought enough toilet paper? Check this online calculator 廁紙買足了？用這台網路計算機確認一下

 

Worried about whether you have enough toilet paper for the coronavirus lockdown? A German website can tell you how long your supply will last.

 

行動因冠狀病毒受限下，你擔心是否有足夠廁紙嗎？一個德國網站能告訴你，你的供應量將維持多久。

 

Toilet paper has become one of the commodities shoppers across the world have hoarded as the coronavirus crisis forces people to stay indoors.

 

隨著冠狀病毒危機迫使民眾待在室內，廁紙已成全球購物者囤積的日用品之一。

 

The website Blitzrechner.de can help reassure shoppers that they have enough. Just tell it how many rolls you have and how often you go to the toilet. You can adjust the settings for the number of wipes per trip, the number of paper squares per wipe, the number of family members in your household and how long you plan to stay home.

 

德國網站「閃電計算機」可助消費者安心，讓他們知道所擁已足。只要告訴它，你有多少捲，以及你多常上廁所。你可以調整每一回的擦拭次數、每擦一次的用紙數量、家庭人口數，以及你打算在家裡待多久。

 

A person with a stockpile of 10 rolls, who uses the typical amount of paper three times a day, should survive for 53 days, it says. A message notes that this is 39 days longer than the recommended 14-day quarantine for those with symptoms.

 

它說，一個囤了10捲、一天3次用個普通量的人，應該夠用53天。訊息提示，這比建議有症狀者的14天隔離檢疫期還長了39天。

 

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1361291 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1361989

 

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Welcome to 15mins.today the home of English Shadowing. I'm your host Gavin and this is In-Tense Episode 42. Well guys, we have started on the “noun” and so now we're going to be looking at #2 which are Proper Nouns. In episode one of the nouns we looked at common nouns the most common of them all, now we can look at proper nouns. Now proper nouns name specific persons, places or things and it's easy to recognize them, because they are always capitalized, meaning the first letter is a big letter as in a big A, like names and that is how you recognize a proper noun. How easy is that? You look at the sentence and when you see a name of something with a capital, you know that is a proper noun. If it is a noun and is smaller it might be a common noun so let's get started with our examples, and this will be quite easy I'm sure!

 

Drill Sentences:

 

Is Jane happy? Yes, Jane is happy.

Is Jane happy? No, Jane is not happy.

 

Will John be going to New York? Yes, John will be going to New York.

Will John be going to New York? No, John will not be going to New York.

 

Is Taipei of big city? Yes, Taipei is a big city.

Is Taipei a big city? No, Taipei is not a big city.

 

Are Apple shares expensive? Yes, Apple shares are expensive.

Are Apple shares expensive? No, Apple shares are not expensive.

 

Is Sindian Station busy? Yes, Sindian Station is busy.

Is Sindian Station busy? No, Sindian Station is not busy.

 

Do Jane and Mary like chicken? Yes, Jane and Mary like chicken.

Do Jane and Mary like chicken? No, Jane and Mary do not like chicken.

 

Is Seiko a popular brand? Yes, Seiko is a popular brand.

Is Seiko a popular brand? No, Seiko is not a popular brand.

 

Will he be having McDonald's? Yes, he will be having McDonald's.

Will he be having McDonald's? No, he will not be having McDonald's.

 

Have you been to Rome? Yes, I have been to Rome.

Have you been to Rome? No, I have not been to Rome.

 

Does Subway taste delicious? Yes, Subway tastes delicious.

Does Subway taste delicious? No, Subway does not taste delicious.

 

Is Taipei 101 tall? Yes, Taipei 101 is tall.

Is Taipei 101 tall? No, Taipei 101 is not tall.

 

Do you enjoy Christmas? Yes, I enjoy Christmas.

Do you enjoy Christmas? No, I do not enjoy Christmas.

 

Is Peter coming home? Yes, Peter is coming home.

Is Peter coming home? No, Peter is not coming home.

 

Well there you go guys, easy to spot these are the ones with the capitals. So, if it has a capital and name’s something it is a proper noun. Now just be careful, in some of those sentences I actually added a proper noun and a common noun, so for this episode though we are just interested in the proper nouns. So again, in the transcript below I will underline the proper nouns for you to make sure. Ok, catch you in the next one and bye, bye!

 

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Summary:

 

To entice pizza lovers’ craze for all things pizza, Pizza chains like Pizza Hut and Dominoes are creating special fusion pizzas that blends local signature flavors and pizza. In June, Pizza Hut took an in-season fruit – Durian and created a new pizza. Despite its quirky flavor, it was sold at a record of one pizza every ten seconds. Then came stinky tofu pizza. Following fusion pizzas’ success, many pizzerias began to offer their own versions of fusion. Pizza – Japanese strawberry mochi and tabasco pizza, boba milk tea pizz, and spicy ginger and salt duck egg pizza, sticky rice sausage pizza, sesame oil and pork chops pizza, just to name a few.

 

原文章討論: https://www.15mins.today/blog/772-about-taiwan-odd-pizzas-at-hand-in-taiwan

 

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences:

 

A fusion dish – a dish on the menu that is a blend of flavors from different cuisines.

 

Pizza hut created a fusion dish that is loved by all

Fusion dishes are often a challenge to food lovers’ taste buds.

 

Signature n. – a person’s name written/ a characteristic that can be defined

Boss pizza in Chiayi has the sticky rice sausage pizza as their signature dish.

When you open a bank account in Taiwan, you can choose to sign with your signature or use your personal chop.

 

Boba – tapioca balls / starch balls (transliteration of bubble from bubble tea)

Boba milk tea is a popular drink around the world

Boba is made from tapioca powder.

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.823: How Powerful Is Vladimir Putin Really?

 

After 19 months in a Russian jail awaiting trial for “extremism,” Dennis O. Christensen, a Jehovah’s Witness from Denmark detained for his faith, received an unexpected lift from President Vladimir Putin at the end of last year.

 

「耶和華見證人」丹麥籍成員丹尼斯．克里斯坦森因為信仰被拘留，在俄羅斯監獄待了19個月等候以「激進主義」罪名受審，去年年底意外獲得來自總統普亭的幫助。

 

The president, speaking in the Kremlin in December, declared that prosecuting people for their religious affiliations was “a total nonsense” and had to stop.

 

普亭去年12月在克里姆林宮發表談話，宣稱因民眾的宗教歸屬而起訴他們「荒謬透頂」，必須停止。

 

But instead of curbing a campaign across Russia against Jehovah’s Witnesses, Putin’s remark has been followed by more arrests; a conviction and six-year prison sentence for Christensen; and, in a new low, reports late last month of the torture of believers detained in Siberia.

 

但是，在普亭發表談話後，俄國非但沒有停止打擊耶和華見證人的活動，隨之而來的卻是更多的逮捕，克里斯坦森被定罪、判處六年徒刑。而且，上個月底更進而傳出拘留在西伯利亞的信徒遭受酷刑的消息。

 

The gulf between what Putin says and what happens in Russia raises a fundamental question about the nature of his rule after more than 18 years at the pinnacle of an authoritarian system: Is Putin really the omnipotent leader whom his critics attack and his own propagandists promote?

 

普亭在威權體制下擔任最高領導人已超過18年，而前述普亭所言和俄國現狀之間呈現的落差，引出了關乎他統治的一個基本問題：普亭果真如批評者所指斥、黨羽所吹捧般，是個無所不能的領導人？

 

Or does he sit atop a state that is, in fact, shockingly ramshackle, a system driven more by the capricious and often venal calculations of competing bureaucracies and interest groups than by Kremlin diktats?

 

或者，他位居頂峰的這個國家，其實已組織鬆散，搖搖欲墜到令人震驚的程度，驅動這個體系的主要力量，是彼此爭競的官僚與利益團體反覆無常且謀奪金錢的算計，而不是出自克里姆林宮的命令？

 

The belief, widespread among critics of President Donald Trump, that Russia propelled him to the White House by colluding with his campaign is premised in part on the first view of Putin’s capacities and reach. The Mueller report, if ever released to the public, may help Americans better understand how Russia does or doesn’t work in reality.

 

有種說法在美國總統川普的批評者間廣為流傳，認為俄羅斯透過和川普競選陣營共謀，幫忙把他送入了白宮，而這種說法的部分前提，則是普亭的能力及勢力範圍合乎本文前段所述的第一種假設（無所不能）。如果穆勒報告有朝一日公諸於大眾，或可幫助美國人更加了解俄國實際上如何運作。

 

But to some of Putin’s fellow citizens, the Russian president’s grip looks less firm than often imagined.

 

但是對一些普亭的公民同胞而言，這位俄國總統對權力的掌控看起來不若通常以為的堅實。

 

Ekaterina Schulmann is a political scientist in Moscow and a member of Putin’s Council for Civil Society and Human Rights who challenged the president over the persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses at the December meeting in the Kremlin. She said Putin’s grip on the country had been vastly exaggerated by both supporters and opponents.

 

莫斯科政治學家艾卡特莉娜．修曼是普亭的公民社會及人權理事會成員，她在去年12月的克里姆林宮會議中，針對起訴耶和華見證人成員案質疑總統。她說，普亭掌控國家的力道，同時被支持者和反對陣營高度誇大了。

 

“This is not a personally run empire but a huge and difficult-to-manage bureaucratic machine with its own internal rules and principles,” she said. “It happens time and again that the president says something, and then nothing or the opposite happens.”

 

「這並非個人統治的帝國，而是個巨大且管理困難的官僚機器，有著自己的內部規定和原則。」她說，「總統說了件事，結果什麼也沒發生，或是竟反其道而行，這是常有的事。」

 

A plethora of bureaucratic and political forces both reinforce and sap the president’s power: the security services, the Russian Orthodox Church, billionaire oligarchs, local officials and others, each with its own sometimes competing and sometimes overlapping interests. Putin has to manage them as best he can, but he doesn’t control everything they each do.

 

過度的官僚和政治力量，既加強也榨取了總統的權力：像是安全機構，俄羅斯東正教會，億萬富豪寡頭政客，地方官員等等，彼此間各有時而競爭，時而重疊的利益。普亭必須盡他所能管理這些勢力，但是他無法控制各方所做的每一件事。

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/339151/web/

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.822: About Science -Eating a big breakfast could double the amount of calories you burn in the day, according to a new study

 

Eating a big breakfast could help you burn double the amount of calories than if you eat a larger meal at dinner.

 

相較於一頓份量較大的晚餐，吃一頓豐盛的早餐可以幫助你燃燒2倍卡路里。

 

It could be the key to losing weight while also keeping blood sugar levels steady, researchers at Lübeck University in Germany said.

 

德國盧貝克大學的研究人員表示，這可能是幫你減肥，同時保持血糖水平穩定的關鍵。

 

Their study found filling up in the morning boosts a metabolism process known as diet-induced thermogenesis （DIT）.

 

研究人員發現，早上吃飽可以促進「飲食誘導產熱」（DIT）此一新陳代謝過程。

 

DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends to heat the body and digest food. It was shown to be twice as high for those who ate more at breakfast than at dinner.

 

飲食誘導產熱指的是身體為保暖和消化食物而消耗的熱量。研究表明，相較於晚餐吃得多的人，早餐吃得多的人的食物誘導產熱是其2倍。

 

The study also showed increases in blood sugar and insulin concentrations, caused by eating a meal, was diminished after breakfast, but not so much after dinner.

 

研究還表明，吃飯時升高的血糖和胰島素濃度在早餐後有所降低，晚餐後則下降沒有那麼明顯。

 

The results also showed eating a low-calorie breakfast caused sweet cravings with a higher appetite.

 

該研究結果也顯示，吃低卡路里的早餐會導致對甜食的食慾增加。

 

This suggests those saving all their calories for the end of the day may face consequences because they snack more.

 

這表明，把一天中高熱量的食物都留到晚上吃的人會得不償失，因為他們會吃更多零食。

 

Next Article

 

Air pollution ’pandemic’ shortens lives by 3 years: study 研究：空污「大爆發」 人類減壽3年

 

A ’pandemic’ of air pollution shortens lives worldwide by nearly three years on average, and causes 8.8 million premature deaths annually, scientists said Tuesday.

 

科學家週二表示，空氣污染「大爆發」，使得全球人口的平均餘命縮短近3年，且每年有880萬人因空污問題提早死亡。

 

Eliminating the toxic cocktail of molecules and lung-clogging particles cast off by burning oil, gas and coal would restore a full year of life expectancy, they reported in the journal Cardiovascular Research.

 

根據他們在醫學期刊《心血管研究》發表的研究報告，排除因燃燒石油、天然氣和煤炭所釋出的有毒物質，以及會造成肺阻塞的微粒，將可使人類平均餘命增加整整1年。

 

Compared to other causes of premature death, air pollution kills 19 times more people each year than malaria, nine times more than HIV/AIDS, and three times more than alcohol, the study found.

 

該研究發現，相較於其他造成提早死亡的原因，空污每年奪走的人命是瘧疾的19倍、愛滋病的9倍，也是酗酒的3倍。

 

Coronary heart disease and stroke account for almost half of those deaths, with lung diseases and other non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure accounting for most of the rest. Only six percent of mortality stemming from polluted air is due to lung cancer.

 

冠狀動脈心臟病和中風的人數，約佔全球提早死亡人數的一半，其餘死因則多半與肺病及糖尿病和高血壓等非傳染性疾病有關。而因空污致死的案例中， 死於肺癌者僅佔6%。

 

The worst-hit region is Asia, where average lifespan is cut 4.1 years in China, 3.9 years in India, and 3.8 years in Pakistan.

 

亞洲是受空污影響最嚴重的地區。空污使中國人平均餘命減少4.1年，印度人減少3.9年，巴基斯坦人減少3.8年。

 

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1360772 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1358960

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.821: The End of Australia as We Know It

 

In a country where there has always been more space than people, where the land and wildlife are cherished like a Picasso, nature is closing in. Fueled by climate change and the world’s refusal to address it, the fires that have burned across Australia are not just destroying lives or turning forests as large as nations into ashen moonscapes.

 

在空間總比人多、土地和野生動物都如畢卡索名作般受到珍惜的澳洲，大自然的力量正步步逼近。在氣候變遷和全球不願正視它的心態助長下，燒遍澳洲的野火不只是摧毀生命，或把大如國家的森林化為蒼白的月球景觀而已。

 

They are also forcing Australians to imagine an entirely new way of life. When summer is feared. When air filters hum in homes that are bunkers, with kids kept indoors. When birdsong and the rustle of marsupials in the bush give way to an eerie, smoky silence.

 

野火還迫使澳洲人想像全然不同的生活方式。夏天變得可怕。空氣清淨機在有如地下掩體的家中嗡嗡作響，孩子都待在室內不外出。荒野中的鳥語和有袋動物穿過樹叢的沙沙聲都不見了，取而代之的是怪異可怖、煙霧彌漫下的寂靜。

 

“I am standing here a traveler from a new reality, a burning Australia,” Lynette Wallworth, an Australian filmmaker, told a crowd of international executives and politicians in Davos, Switzerland, last month. “What was feared and what was warned is no longer in our future, a topic for debate — it is here.”“We have seen,” she added, “the unfolding wings of climate change.”

 

澳洲電影製作人琳尼特．華爾沃斯，1月在瑞士達沃斯論壇對各國商界領袖和政治人物說：「站在這裡的我，是從野火熊熊的澳洲這個新現實來訪的旅人。我們先前懼怕的和有人警告過的事，不再屬於未來，也不再是爭論的主題，已然呈現在眼前。」她說：「我們已目睹氣候變遷張開雙翼。」

 

Like the fires, it’s a metaphor that lingers. What many of us have witnessed this fire season does feel alive, like a monstrous gathering force threatening to devour what we hold most dear on a continent that will grow only hotter, drier and more flammable as global temperatures rise.

 

就像野火，這是徘徊不去的隱喻。我們之中許多人在這個野火季節親眼看到的，感覺非常鮮活，就如一股逐漸增強的殘暴力量，在這個因為全球升溫而只會變得愈來愈燠熱、乾燥和容易起火的大陸上，隨時會吞噬我們最珍愛的事物。

 

It’s also a hint of what may be coming to a town, city or country near you.

 

這也暗示了可能發生在你周遭國家或城鎮的事。

 

In a land usually associated with relaxed optimism, anxiety and trauma have taken hold. A recent Australia Institute survey found that 57% of Australians have been directly affected by the bush fires or their smoke. With officials in New South Wales announcing Thursday that heavy rain had helped them finally extinguish or control all the fires that have raged this Australian summer, the country seems to be reflecting and wondering what comes next.

 

在這片通常予人輕鬆樂觀印象的大地上，焦慮和心理創傷竟然扎了根。智庫「澳洲研究所」最近一份調查顯示，有57%的澳洲人直接受到叢林野火和濃煙影響。新南威爾斯省官方2月13日宣布豪雨終於幫助他們撲滅和控制了澳洲今夏所有野火，而澳洲似乎也正在反思並揣想接下來會是什麼光景。

 

Politics have been a focal point — one of frustration for most Australians. The conservative government is still playing down the role of climate change, despite polls showing public anger hitting feverish levels. And yet what’s emerging alongside public protest may prove more potent.

 

政治一直是個重點，令多數澳洲人感到挫折。儘管民調顯示民怨沸騰，保守派政府卻仍在淡化氣候變遷的角色。不過，跟群眾示威並起的事物，可能威力更強。

 

In interviews all over the fire zone since September, it’s been clear that Australians are reconsidering far more than energy and emissions. They are stumbling toward new ways of living: Housing, holiday travel, work, leisure, food and water are all being reconsidered.

 

去年九月以來針對野火肆虐區居民的訪問清楚顯示，澳洲人正在重新思考的遠超過能源和溫室氣體排放。他們正在摸索新的生活方式：從住房、假期旅遊、工作、休閒、食物和水都重新審視。

 

“If there’s not a major shift that comes out of this, we’re doomed,” said Robyn Eckersley, a political scientist at the University of Melbourne who has written extensively about environmental policy around the world. “It does change everything — or it should.”

 

墨爾本大學政治學者羅蘋．艾克斯利曾廣泛研究世界各地環境政策並提筆為文，她說：「如果我們經歷野火後沒有做出重大改變，我們就完了。野火改變了一切，也應該改變一切。」

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/350561/web/

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.820: About Crime - Come to Rio, get robbed: Brazil tourism body shares awkward Instagram post

 

Brazil’s national tourism agency typically focuses on the city’s world-class beaches, samba-filled music scene and caipirinha-fueled parties. Violent crime is rarely listed among the attractions.

 

行銷里約熱內盧時，巴西國家觀光機構通常主打該市的世界級海灘、洋溢森巴音樂的地方，以及有卡琵莉亞酒催情的派對。暴力犯罪鮮少被列入魅力特點。

 

But in an embarrassing social media snafu this week, the Brazilian Tourist Board (Embratur) accidentally shared a critical Instagram post from a tourist who did not enjoy her stay in the so-called "Cidade Maravilhosa," or Marvelous City.

 

但本週一起令人尷尬的社群媒體烏龍事件中，巴西旅遊局意外地分享了一名不愛待在這個所謂「奇蹟之城」的旅客於Instagram的批評貼文。

 

"I just spent 3 days in Rio with my family, and in those 3 days my family and I were robbed and my 9-year-old sister witnessed a violent robbery," Instagram user "withlai" wrote in an Instagram Stories post. "I can’t recommend a visit to a city where I felt afraid of even leaving the apartment."

 

Instagram用戶「withlai」的一則限時動態貼文寫道，「我和我的家人只花了3天在里約，而那3天當中，家人和我都被搶，我的9歲妹妹還親眼目睹了一件暴力搶案。」「我無法推薦拜訪一個我連離開公寓都會怕的城市。」

 

Embratur deleted the shared post on Wednesday. It said in a subsequent statement that "sharing (the post) was a mistake," adding that it had worked hard to promote a nationwide fall in crime in 2019.

 

巴西旅遊局週三刪了這則分享貼文。它在隨後聲明中說道，「分享（那則貼文）是個錯誤」，並補充指出，已努力宣傳全國2019年犯罪減少一事。

 

Safety concerns along with inconvenient flights, poor infrastructure and high costs have long held back Brazil’s tourism industry, which lags its South American neighbors.

 

除了航班不便、基礎設施貧乏及費用高昂，安全考量令巴西觀光產業長久以來遲滯不前，落後於南美鄰國。

 

Next Article

 

Fraudsters get hefty prison terms for impersonating French minister 詐欺犯因冒充法國部長詐騙被重判

 

Two men who impersonated a French minister to trick wealthy people out of more than €55m have been jailed by a court in Paris. Chikli was jailed for 11 years and fined €2m while Lasarevitsch received a seven-year sentence and a fine of €1m.

 

兩名曾假冒法國部長詐欺有錢人逾5500萬歐元的男子，在巴黎法院被判刑入獄。奇克利被判處11年徒刑、200萬歐元罰款，拉薩雷維奇則被判7年徒刑、100萬歐元罰款。

 

Chikli and Lasarevitsch tried to pull off what some in France are calling the scam of the century by impersonating Le Drian, Minister for Europe and foreign affairs, and conning wealthy individuals out of 80 million euros purportedly to help pay ransoms to free French hostages being held by Islamist terrorists.

 

奇克利與拉薩雷維奇犯下被法國稱為世紀騙局的案件，冒充外交部長勒德里昂，要求有錢人幫忙支付贖金，營救被伊斯蘭國恐怖份子挾持的人質，據稱總共騙得8000萬歐元。

 

Prosecutors said that in meetings arranged on Skype, one of the fraudsters would wear a custom-made Le Drian mask and sit in a facsimile of Mr Le Drian’s ministerial office, complete with flags and a portrait of then-President François Hollande.

 

檢察官表示，在被安排透過Skype視訊的會議中，其中一名詐欺犯穿著訂製的勒德里昂頭套，坐在一間仿造的勒德里昂部長辦公室內，裡頭放有國旗與時任總統歐蘭德的肖像。

 

Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1358564 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1361033

 

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每日英語跟讀 Ep.819: Smart Kitchens A Tough Sell, But Tech Tries

 

On a recent Saturday night, German Salazar made chicken tacos for his friends while they chatted with him in his kitchen. Occasionally, he interrupted the conversation to talk to another friend: Google.

 

最近的一個周六晚上，傑曼．薩拉札在他的廚房裡邊和朋友聊天，邊替他們做雞肉塔可餅吃。偶爾，他也會中斷對話，去和另一個朋友說話：谷歌。

 

Salazar was speaking to Google Home, the artificially intelligent speaker living on his kitchen counter. “Hey Google, set a timer for 20 minutes,” he said, to activate a countdown for when the chicken would be cooked and ready for shredding.

 

薩拉札是和他廚房流理台上的Google Home說話，它是個人工智慧喇叭。他說：「嘿，谷歌，設定一個20分鐘計時」，好啟動一個倒數計時，這時間可將雞煮熟，拿來切絲。

 

At first, Salazar’s friends snickered when he talked to the speaker. But after a few bottles of wine, everyone began grilling Google Home with questions and requests: “How much did Jamie Lee Curtis make in ‘True Lies’?” and “Tell me a joke.”

 

最初，薩拉札對著喇叭講話時，朋友一旁竊笑。但幾瓶葡萄酒下肚後，每個人都開始拿問題考問Google Home，「潔美李寇帝斯在電影《魔鬼大帝：真實謊言》的片酬多少？」，「說個笑話吧」。

 

For many people, the kitchen is the center of the home and a locus for interactions that go beyond preparing and eating food. Now tech companies and appliance makers, aiming to deepen their relationships with customers, are increasingly targeting the room that is synonymous with togetherness.

 

對許多人而言，廚房是家的中心 ，是除了準備食物和吃東西，一個彼此互動的場所。現在，意在加深與客戶關係的高科技公司和家電製造商，正越來越將目標瞄準與親密感畫上等號的這個空間。

 

Household brands like Whirlpool, Samsung and Bosch are racing against tech behemoths like Google and Amazon to dominate the kitchen with internet-connected appliances and cooking gadgets that include refrigerators embedded with touch screens, smart dishwashers and connected countertop screens with artificially intelligent assistants that react to spoken commands.

 

諸如惠而浦、三星和博世等家電品牌正與谷歌和亞馬遜這些科技巨頭競爭，冀望以自家連接網路的電器和烹飪設備主宰廚房，這些裝具包括內建觸控螢幕的冰箱，智慧洗碗機，以及內有人工智慧助理，會對口頭命令作反應，與網路連接的流理台螢幕。

 

Yet the “smart kitchen” remains a tough sell. With the kitchen often a hub for families and friends, habits there can be hard to change. And many people see the kitchen and mealtimes as a haven from their otherwise always-connected lifestyle. Only 5 percent of U.S. households own smart appliances today, up from 3 percent in 2014, according to the research firm Parks Associates.

 

不過，智慧廚房仍然行銷不易。廚房往往是家人和朋友相處的核心空間，因此廚房習慣很難改變。此外，許多人將廚房和用餐時間視為避風港，希望能暫時逃離永遠和網路連接的生活方式。根據「帕克斯聯合」研究公司的調查，現今只有5％的美國家庭擁有智慧家電，2014年則為3％。

 

“Will we see a reinvention of the kitchen like we saw in the living room?” said Michael Wolf, a tech analyst who hosts a podcast and a conference about the smart kitchen. “I don’t think it will happen overnight. There’s going to be a lot of skepticism.”

 

身為科技產品分析師兼播客，並主持一項智慧廚房會議的邁可．沃爾夫說：「我們會見到廚房也像客廳那樣被改造嗎？我不認為這會在一夕之間發生。人們會有許多疑慮。」

 

Apart from their fears of disrupting the rhythms and patterns in the heart of the home, people may be hesitant to incorporate smart devices into their kitchens because of the costs of maintaining such appliances, which are often difficult to repair and use expensive components like touch screens. They also may worry about longevity: A touch-screen refrigerator may look modern today, but who knows how dated it may appear in five years?

 

除了擔心可能擾亂這個家庭中心點的節奏和模式，維修這些家電的成本，也可能令人對是否該將智慧裝置整合到廚房中猶豫不決。這些家電通常很難修理，且使用的是昂貴的組件，如觸控螢幕。人們或許還擔心使用壽命：觸控螢幕冰箱今天可能看來很摩登，誰又知道五年後會顯得多麼過時？

 

And with many smart kitchen appliances incorporating internet connections, cameras or microphones, digital privacy has become a concern.

 

隨著許多智慧廚房家電納入了網路連接、相機或麥克風，數位隱私權也成為令人關切的議題。　

 

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/326292/web/

 

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