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英语新闻|长颈鹿进化出长脖子是为了……找对象

Chinese researchers offered a new explanation for the evolutionary mystery of giraffes' long necks: They were elongated by head-bashing combat in competition for mates.

近日，一项中国科学家进行的研究揭开了长颈鹿进化出长脖子之谜，研究表明，长颈鹿长脖子形成是由雄性间的求偶竞争推动的。

The study published in the journal Science last Friday revealed that the tallest land animal on Earth used its two-to-three-meter swinging necks as a weapon in the male courtship competition.

6月3日发表在国际权威期刊《科学》上的这篇研究认为，早期的长颈鹿本来就身体比较高大，由于性选择的加持，发展出来了利用甩动脖子和头部攻击的方式与对手竞争，使得颈部迅速变长至2到3米。

In 1996, a team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered a 17-million-year-old fossil in the vast Gobi wilderness in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

1996年，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所的考察队伍在新疆准噶尔盆地北部的茫茫戈壁之中，发现了一具距今1700万年的神秘化石。

The fossil features disk-shaped headgear equipped with a helmet-like horny cap, and particularly complex head and neck joints.

这是一件大型反刍动物的脑颅化石，其脑袋顶上长着一个巨大的圆盘，完全覆盖了头顶，就像一顶帽子。研究人员进一步观察发现，它的颈椎异常粗壮，具有非常复杂的头颈和颈间关节。

They analyzed the beast's inner ear structures, finding them distinct from the ox and the deer, and instead consistent with the extant giraffe.

研究发现，‘怪兽’的内耳与之前认为的最有可能的牛科截然不同，与鹿科、麝科等也不同，反而与现生的长颈鹿在关键特征上是一致的。

It is named "Discokeryx xiezhi" since its single ossicone recalls the xiezhi, a one-horned creature from ancient Chinese mythology.

由于这个神秘“怪兽”与中国古代神话中的独角神兽“獬豸”形象有些许联系，因而得名獬豸盘角鹿。

Wang Shiqi with IVPP and his colleague revealed in the new study that the strange beast's horns could serve as a cushion in the collision and the joints between the skull and cervical vertebrae could effectively protect the neck from breaking in the violent collisions.

王世骐介绍，此次研究的盘角鹿，它的每节颈椎都非常粗壮，并且具有哺乳动物中最复杂的头颈与颈椎之间的关节。这种结构特别适应于高速的头对头撞击。

It is similar to the East African Plateau about 7 million years ago when a forest environment degenerated into open grassland, prompting the giraffe ancestors to adapt to the new environment and become taller.

可以推测，这样的情况与东非高原的情况类似：约在700万年前，东非高原由森林环境转变为开阔的草原，远古长颈鹿赖以生存的环境逐渐消失，促使它们必须适应新的变化。

It is the courtship struggle that led to the rapid neck elongation over a period of 2 million years, and by dint of that advantage, giraffes occupied a relatively marginal, but rewarding ecological niche — feeding on high foliage out of reach of zebras and various antelopes, according to the study.

通过这种极端的斗争方式，在性选择的加持下，在200万年的时间内长颈鹿的颈部迅速加长，成为现生的长颈鹿属，从而有效占领了取食高处树叶这样一个相对边缘化、但回报颇丰的生态位。

combat

英[ˈkɒmbæt]；美[ˈkɑːmbæt]

n.战斗，斗争

v.战斗；防止；减轻

extant

英[ekˈstænt]；美[ekˈstænt]

adj.现存的，仍然存在的

elongation

英[ˌi:lɒŋ'ɡeɪʃn]；美[ˌilɒŋ'ɡeɪʃn]

n.延长；延长线；<机>延伸率；<天>距（角）

英语新闻|三星堆上新：为中华文明多元一体再添新证

Cultural relics that are more than 3 millennia old and feature previously unknown shapes were recently found during an archaeological excavation in the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan province, and they appear to be a mysterious yet key part of ancient Chinese civilization.

近日，在四川省展开的三星堆遗址考古发掘中，再一次发现了三千多年前异彩纷呈的出土文物，三星堆给中华文明又增添了浓墨重彩的一笔。

Ran Honglin, a leading archaeologist on the project, said in a news conference on Monday in the Sanxingdui Museum in the city of Guanghan that 3,155 cultural relics in complete structure－including 1,238 bronze wares and 543 gold and 565 jade artifacts－were recovered from six pits on the site.

6月13日，四川省文物考古研究院三星堆考古研究所所长冉宏林在四川广汉召开的三星堆遗址考古发掘阶段性成果新闻发布会上表示，新发现的6座祭祀坑中出土接近完整的器物3155件，其中包括1238件青铜器、543件金器和565件玉器。

Including broken parts and fragments, a total of 13,000 relics offered new clues to the ancient civilization of Shu. The ancient state of Shu dominated what is today's Sichuan province, but documentation on the state is insufficient.

包括破碎的部分及碎片在内，有共计13000件文物出土，为古蜀文明提供了新的线索。古代蜀国主要位于今天的四川省内，目前有关该国的文献资料不足。

The Sanxingdui site, discovered in 1929, has been key to unveiling the brilliance of the state lost in history.

1929年发现的三星堆遗址是揭开我国历史上消失文明的关键。

In 1986, two pits full of bronze artifacts, notably bizarre-looking masks and human figurines, were accidentally found in Sanxingdui, drawing worldwide attention to the site. They are now generally thought by archaeologists to have been used for sacrificial ceremonies.

1986年，在三星堆意外发现了两个装满青铜器的坑，特别是纵目面具和青铜大立人，引发全世界的关注。如今考古学家普遍认为这些青铜器用于祭祀仪式。

In the latest round of excavations, which began in 2020, another six "sacrificial" pits were found next to the original pair.

自2020年以来的最新一轮挖掘工作中，在原来的两个“祭祀坑”旁边相继发现了六个“祭祀坑”。

Ran, who is from the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, said new carbon-dating results on about 200 relics in the pits showed they dated from 1131 to 1012 BC, about 3,200 to 3,000 years ago, during the late period of the Shang Dynasty.

四川省文物考古研究院三星堆考古研究所所长冉宏林表示，坑中约200件文物经过碳14测年结果表明，其年代为公元前1131年至1012年的商代晚期，距今约3200至3000年。

"The question of its age, which had been bothering us the past 30-some years, has been solved," Ran said.

冉宏林说：“这解决了过去三十年来关于‘祭祀坑’埋藏年代的争议。”

More bronze masks, covered with gold, and figurines in various shapes continued to be unearthed this year. An exquisite bronze altar and other ceremonial artifacts made of bronze and jade may further highlight the Shu people's religious rites.

今年陆续出土更多覆盖着黄金的青铜面具，以及各种形状的小雕像。精美的青铜祭坛和其他由青铜和玉石制成的器物，进一步呈现古蜀文明的宗教仪式。

Among the stunning finds in recent months were a netlike grid covering a tortoise shell-shaped vessel, a human figurine with a serpent body carrying a ritual vessel known as a zun on its head, and a bronze dragon-shaped artifact with a pig's nose.

最近几个月发现了很多前所未有的器物，包括一件龟背形网格状器，一件顶尊蛇身铜人像以及一件铜猪鼻龙形器。

"We had never seen anything like these, and we don't even know how to describe the patterns of their shapes in few words," Ran said. "It's also confusing for us to speculate how they were used, before further study.

“我们从未见过这样的东西，甚至不知道如何来描述它们的样式，”冉宏林说。“在进一步研究之前，让我们感到困惑的就是要推测它们是如何使用的。”

"But these artifacts feature a mixture of typical local cultural relic styles as well as those from China's Central Plains at that time," he explained. "It demonstrates that, through close communication, the ancient Shu culture became a key part of an early-stage Chinese civilization."

“这些文物融合了古蜀文明的特征以及当时中原地区文化的代表，”他解释说。“这表明，古时通过密切的交流，古蜀文化成为中华文明的重要组成部分。”

The archaeologists are amazed by more than the artifacts. In the northwestern part of the excavation area, an architectural foundation covering about 80 square meters was also newly excavated. It was found to be surrounded by more "small pits".

令考古学家们叹为观止的不仅是文物，在发掘区的西北部，还新挖掘了一个占地约80平方米的建筑地基，并发现其周围有很多“小坑”。

These small pits were essentially left untouched after some artifacts were exposed, but the complicated structure of the architecture made Ran speculate that they may be part of a large sacrificial area together with the previously found eight pits. However, he said it is too early to conclude that it is a shrine.

这些小坑在一些文物出土后基本上没有被触及，但复杂的建筑结构让冉宏林推测它们可能与之前发现的八个“祭祀坑”一起作为一个大祭祀区域。然而，他表示现在下结论认为它是神社还为时过早。

Ran said these latest excavations at the site will continue no later than Spring Festival next year, but more effort and time will be spent in laboratories.

冉宏林说，最新的现场挖掘工作将在明年春节前继续进行，但更多的精力和时间将花在实验室中。

"So many bronze wares were found, and we've fully cleaned about 70 of them so far," said Xie Zhenbin, a leading conservator at the Sichuan institute. "The number seems small, but the work requires patience and the determination to collect as much historical information as we can and conserve the relics in the best way."

四川文物考古研究院文物保护中心主任谢振斌说：“到目前为止，在多个出土的青铜器中已经彻底清理了大约70件。数量看似不多，但这项工作需要耐心和决心，尽可能多地收集历史信息，并以最好的方式保护文物。”

Xie said a breakthrough was made in taking care of fragile items, such as 600 ivory tusks recovered from the pits, by adopting new technologies. The use of high technology research and conservation techniques yields new discoveries from the artifacts in laboratories.

他表示，通过采用新技术，在处理易碎物品方面取得了突破性进展，例如从“祭祀坑”中发掘的600根象牙。高科技研究和保护技术的使用，令文保人员在实验室的文物研究中有了新的发现。

For example, no physical evidence of silk from 3,000 to 4,000 years ago was previously found in Southwest China. But about 20 artifacts in Sanxingdui were found to have been once covered by silk, filling a gap in historical studies.

例如，之前在我国西南地区没有发现3000到4000年前存在丝绸的物证，但在三星堆出土的约20件文物都是被丝绸包裹的，这一发现填补了历史研究的空白。

Research of plant and animal remains among the burned ashes detected in the pits could also yield greater understanding of the natural environment of Sanxingdui at that time, Xie added.

他补充说，对“祭祀坑”灰烬层中发现的动植物遗骸进行研究，也可以更好地了解当时三星堆的自然环境。

"We welcome conservators from across the world to join our work on Sanxingdui," Xie said. "Interdisciplinary research can help us better explain the value of the relics and thus reconstruct a picture of early Chinese civilization."

“欢迎来自世界各地的文保人员加入我们在三星堆的工作，”他说。“跨学科研究可以帮助我们更好地理解文物的价值，从而重建中华文明早期文化图景。”

archaeological

英[ˌɑːkɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]；美[ˌɑrkiəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]

adj.考古学的，考古学上的

excavation

英[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn]；美[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn]

n.挖掘；开凿；开凿的洞穴（或山路等）；（发掘出来的）古迹

exquisite

英[ɪkˈskwɪzɪt]；美[ɪkˈskwɪzɪt]

adj.精致的；剧烈的；敏锐的

speculate

英[ˈspekjuleɪt]；美[ˈspekjuleɪt]

vt.思索，猜测，推测

vi.投机；推测；思索

shrine

英[ʃraɪn]；美[ʃraɪn]

n.圣地，圣陵，神龛

ivory

英[ˈaɪvəri]；美[ˈaɪvəri]

n. 象牙；象牙制品；象牙色；象牙质

On June 12, McDonald's in Russia has a new name, which translates to "Tasty and that's it". The updated fast-food chain opens 15 venues in Moscow and the region, including the flagship venue on Pushkinskaya Square, according to TASS.

当地时间6月12日，俄罗斯“麦当劳”将餐厅更名为“就是这么好吃”，首批15家分店重新开业，其中包括位于普希金广场的旗舰店。

In addition, Reuters reported that the outlet sported a new logo – green background, a stylised burger with two fries - plus a slogan: “The name changes, love stays”.

此外，据路透社12日报道，“就是这么好吃”也更换了此前的品牌标识，新版标识为绿色背景，有一个红色圆圈和两根橙色线条，代表一个汉堡和两根炸薯条，并配上新的宣传语：“名虽改，爱犹在”。

McDonald’s Russian locations have been closed since early March, and the company said May 16 it would offload its business in the country. The restaurants that it owns are being sold to Alexander Govor. Other franchisees will be given the option of working under the new brand.

此前，麦当劳在俄罗斯的分店自3月初以来一直关闭，并于5月16日正式宣布退出俄罗斯市场，随后将其在俄业务出售给俄罗斯加盟商戈沃尔，其他加盟商可以选择在新品牌下继续经营。

Under the sale conditions, Govor agreed to retain employees for at least two years and fund liabilities to suppliers, landlords and utilities, McDonald's said.

麦当劳公司表示，戈沃尔同意继续雇佣现有员工至少两年，并偿还对供应商、房东及公用事业公司的欠款。

On Monday, another 50 restaurants are set to open, according to Oleg Paroyev, general manager of the new group.

这家新连锁快餐店的首席执行官帕罗耶夫表示，除首批15家分店之外，将有50家分店预计于当地时间13日重新开业。

Paroyev said the company planned to reopen 200 restaurants in Russia by the end of June and all 850 by the end of the summer. 

据路透社，帕罗耶夫称该公司计划在6月底前在俄罗斯重开200家，并在夏季结束前重开全部850家。

venue

英[ˈvenjuː]；美[ˈvenjuː]

n.（事件或活动的）发生地；举办地点；场地

offload

英[ˌɒfˈləʊd]；美[ˌɔfˈloʊd]

v.卸下，卸货；出售

franchisee

英[ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi:]；美[ˌfræntʃaɪˈzi]

n. 特许经营人

Authorities in Tangshan, a city in North China's Hebei province, have pledged to ensure that residents can be free from worry after a video of the beating of women by several men at a barbecue restaurant early Friday went viral online.

6月10日河北唐山一家烧烤店中几名男子殴打女性的视频在网上流传，当地警方承诺还公众以信心和安全感。

"We will carry out a review to severely crack down on organized crime and evil activities and improve public order, so that victims in the case can be given justice while our citizens can have peace and enjoy social stability," Tian Guoliang, the mayor of Tangshan, said at a news conference over the weekend.

唐山市市长田国良主持召开全市疫情防控工作总指挥部会议暨重点工作调度会议时强调：“要从严从快依法严惩，深入开展扫黑除恶‘回头看’专项行动，保持依法严厉打击高压态势，持续深化社会治安综合治理，还伤者公道、还市民安宁、还社会稳定。”

The city launched a campaign on Sunday to improve public order. The move will last half a month and will target criminal activities that spur strong emotion from the public and have an adverse influence on society, including intentional injury, extortion, drug abuse and cybercrimes.

12日，唐山市从即日起开展为期半个月的夏季社会治安整治“雷霆风暴”专项行动，把打击锋芒对准群众反映强烈、社会影响恶劣的犯罪活动，包括故意伤害、敲诈勒索、吸毒贩毒、网络犯罪等违法犯罪行为。

The assault happened in the early hours of Friday at a barbecue restaurant in Lubei district in Tangshan when a male customer, identified by police as Chen Jizhi, harassed a female customer and then brutally attacked her after she resisted. Chen's companions later joined in, beating the woman and her female friends.

10日凌晨，唐山市路北区一家烧烤店发生一起多名男子群殴女性事件，警方调查显示，一名为陈继志的男顾客骚扰了一名女顾客，在其反抗后对其暴打，陈继志的同伴们后来也加入殴打这名女子和她的女性朋友。

Videos online showed the viciousness of the beating, with the female customer thrown to the ground and then hit and stomped by several men at the same time. The assailants fled after the beating.

网上的视频显示了殴打的过程，女顾客被摔倒在地，然后被几名男子同时殴打并踩踏，袭击者在殴打后逃离案发现场。

By Saturday afternoon, Chen and his eight alleged accomplices－seven males and two females－were all arrested, including four who had fled to Jiangsu province afterward.

截至11日下午，包括陈继志在内的9名犯罪嫌疑人（7名男性和2名女性）全部抓获归案，其中4人外逃到江苏。

On Sunday they were arrested by the Guangyang district branch of the city of Langfang's public security bureau, which has been designated to be in charge of the case, with the approval of the procuratorate of Guangyang district.

12日，经河北廊坊市广阳区人民检察院批准，陈继志等9名犯罪嫌疑人已由廊坊市公安局广阳分局执行逮捕。

The nine are suspected of the crimes of picking quarrels and making trouble, as well as intentional assault, for which punishment varies according to specific circumstances, including the victims' injuries, said Luo Xiang, a professor at China University of Political Science and Law, who commented online about the incident.

中国政法大学教授罗翔表示，这9人涉嫌寻衅滋事和故意伤害。根据具体情况，包括受害者的受伤情况，处罚会有所不同。

Police in Tangshan said on Saturday that four women were injured, two of whom were hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries, though the severity of the injuries was not disclosed.

11日，唐山警方表示，有4名女性受伤，其中2人正在医院接受治疗，伤情稳定，无生命危险。但没有透露伤势的严重程度。

Nationwide, public security authorities in many areas, including the Ningxia Hui autonomous region and Henan province, said they would launch night inspections during the summer to detect potential disputes and risk factors that could threaten public security and social stability.

在全国范围内，包括宁夏回族自治区和河南省在内许多地区的公安部门表示，他们将在夏季开展夜巡活动，全面摸排矛盾纠纷苗头和不稳定因素，及时消除治安隐患，确保全区社会治安持续稳定。

An official notice issued by the police department of Puyang, Henan province, said night inspections will be conducted at such places as school campuses, night fairs, shopping malls and bars. Quick responses and the dispatching of police officers when situations are reported will also be required.

河南省濮阳市公安局发布通知称，将加大学校、夜市、商城、酒吧等人员聚集较多场所巡逻频次和密度，严格落实快速接警、快速派警、快速出警、快速处置。

The incident has been a hot topic on social platforms. Some netizens, including residents of Tangshan, posted videos reporting gang activity.

在唐山发生的暴力事件一度成为社交平台上的热门话题，包括唐山居民在内的一些网民发布了举报涉黑活动的视频。

唐山市路北区一家蛋糕店老板发布实名举报视频，称其蛋糕店自去年7月起就被一群刑满释放人员敲诈勒索。他说：“他们到我的店里甚至家里骚扰、闹事20多次。”

Regarding the cake shop owner's claims and others, the Commission for Political and Legal Affairs of the Communist Party of China Tangshan Committee said verification of the claims was underway.

对于蛋糕店老板的言论，唐山市委政法委回应正在核查中。

The Tangshan assault has not only spurred reports about local gangs, but also provoked outrage from netizens, including celebrities, most of whom called for justice.

唐山烧烤店打人事件不仅引发了有关当地黑恶势力的报道，还引起了包括多位名人在内的网民的愤怒，其中大多数人呼吁伸张正义。

Actor and martial artist Jackie Chan said on China's Sina Weibo on Saturday night, "I expect they will be punished severely according to the law."

11日晚，知名演员成龙发布微博称：“期待法律的严惩。”

extortion

英[ɪk'stɔ:ʃn]；美[ɪkˈstɔrʃən]

n.敲诈，勒索；被勒索的财务；敲诈者；【法】恐吓取财

assault

英[əˈsɔːlt]；美[əˈsɔːlt]

n.攻击，袭击；侵犯（人身罪）；抨击

v.袭击，殴打；使难受

adj.军用的

viciousness

英['vɪʃəsnəs]；美['vɪʃəsnəs]

n.恶意，邪恶；歹毒

accomplice

英[əˈkʌmplɪs]；美[əˈkɑːmplɪs]

n.共犯；帮凶

inspection

英[ɪnˈspekʃn]；美[ɪnˈspekʃn]

n. 检查；检验；视察；检阅

刘亦菲新剧带火了“点茶”：茶上“拉花”这件事，老祖宗早玩明白了……

A Dream of Splendor, marking A-list star Liu Yifei's return to the historic theme, has quickly hooked millions of views.

最近，刘亦菲出演的《梦华录》火了。电视剧首集就吸引了数百万人的眼球。

The series features China's traditional tea acrobatics, an equivalent to coffee art, as one of its top draws. Liu's role, a teahouse keeper, demonstrates dazzling skills of pouring tea or creating beautiful patterns on the surface of a cup of tea in some scenes.

该剧以我国传统茶艺为重点刻画内容，类似于现如今的咖啡艺术。在剧中，刘亦菲饰演了一位茶铺老板娘，并在一些场景中展示了令人眼花缭乱的“点茶”技巧，比如倒茶或在茶的表层制作出美丽的图案。

Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and flourished throughout the Song Dynasty, when tea had become a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other indispensable items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.

中国茶文化在唐代开始发展起来，在宋代达到了“盛造其极”的境界。当时，茶已经几乎成为从贵族、学者、到普通老百姓的必需品。宋朝政治家、思想家王安石曾在《议茶法》中写道：“夫茶之为民用，等于米盐，不可一日以无。”这是宋朝人嗜茶如命的真实写照。

Different from the method of brewing tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the prevalent way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine powdered tea creating a paste, then more hot water is slowly added as the tea is constantly whisked by hand with a bamboo stick.

与唐代的泡茶方法不同，宋代盛行的喝茶方式是点茶。首先将热水倒在细密的茶粉上，调成糊状，然后慢慢加入更多热水，用茶筅不断击打，直到出现厚厚的泡沫。

This action of pouring hot water is called dian, hence the name dian cha, which was listed as an intangible cultural heritage of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.

这种加入热水的动作被称为“点”，“点茶”因此得名。该技艺在2019年被列为江苏省镇江市润州区的非物质文化遗产。

Dian cha in modern brewing enhances the taste of tea, Han says. "It is similar to the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk."

点茶技艺传承人韩喆明说：“点茶类似于咖啡上的奶盖，只是它是由茶做的，而不是由奶做的。”

The emperor's book, Treatise on Tea, exposed Han to the details of tea-whisking. In the eyes of people of that time, good tea should be white and fine, Han explains. The better the tea, the whiter it should be, and the longer the froth should last.

宋徽宗所作的《大观茶论》一书，对“点茶”有详细描述。宋人对于好茶的标准，从外观上看，要洁白细腻，越好的茶越白，泡沫越持久。

"It's like adding bells and whistles to tea and giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun," Han says.

韩喆明说：“对茶进行艺术加工，可以让人们有更强的仪式感，增加品饮的趣味。”

acrobatics

英[ˌækrəˈbætɪks]；美[ˌækrəˈbætɪks]

n.杂技；杂技艺术；特技飞行；巧妙手法

indispensable

英[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl]；美[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl]

adj.不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的；不可避开的

prevalent

英[ˈprevələnt]；美[ˈprevələnt]

adj.流行的，盛行的；普遍存在的，普遍发生的

intangible

英[ɪnˈtændʒəbl]；美[ɪnˈtændʒəbl]

adj.触不到的；难以理解的；无法确定的

President Xi Jinping has called for efforts to effectively coordinate the COVID-19 pandemic response and socioeconomic development and overcome difficulties in economic growth in order to ensure social stability.

Xi, who is also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remark while conducting an inspection tour in Sichuan province on Wednesday and Thursday.

He urged resolute implementation of the decisions and policies of the CPC Central Committee, and called for comprehensively promoting reform and development to maintain a healthy and stable economic environment, a prosperous and peaceful social environment and a clean and righteous political environment.

Xi reiterated the importance of firmly adhering to the dynamic zero-COVID policy, and called for efforts to firm up confidence to win the battle against the virus and take resolute action to consolidate the hard-won results of COVID-19 prevention and control.

As flooding and other geological hazards recently hit some areas across China, Xi highlighted the need to strengthen disaster prevention and control to protect people's lives, safety and property.

The inspection tour took Xi to the cities of Meishan, Yibin and Chengdu, where he visited a village, a historical and cultural site, a university, an enterprise and met with representatives of military officers stationed in Chengdu, the provincial capital.

Boosting grain production and rural vitalization were high on the agenda of Xi's inspection tour in Sichuan, which is a major rice producing area in western China.

While inspecting Meishan on Wednesday, Xi visited the village of Yongfeng, where he talked with local officials and farmers, and learned about local efforts in advancing the development of high-standard farmland and promoting grain production and rural vitalization.

Efforts should be made to develop eco-agriculture, green agriculture and high-efficiency farming to ensure that the Chinese people have firm control over their own food supply, he said.

Xi inspected the village's wastewater disposal facilities and a clinic, and learned about locals' efforts to improve their living environment and respond to the pandemic. He urged better construction of the grassroots-level Party organization in the village and encouraged it to unite and lead the villagers in promoting rural vitalization.

Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are seen as fundamental to the country's development and the people's well-being in China. Xi has attached great importance to such matters since he was elected general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2012.

On many occasions, he has reiterated the need to stabilize the fundamentals of the agricultural sector and ensure the nation's food security.

China has implemented a national plan to develop high-standard farmland to encourage high-yielding and stabilized grain production. By 2030, the nation will develop 80 million hectares of high-standard farmland to ensure a stable production capacity of 600 billion kilograms of food, according to the National Plan for Development of Well-Facilitated Farmland (2021-30) released in September.

In the meantime, rural vitalization has been prioritized in work in rural areas after the country eradicated absolute poverty nationwide at the end of 2020.

On Wednesday morning, Xi also visited the memorial temple and former residence of Su Xun and his two sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, three literary masters of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), and called for protecting historical and cultural heritage.

In the afternoon, he went to the city of Yibin, and visited Sanjiangkou－where the Jinsha and Minjiang rivers converge into the Yangtze River. He learned about local efforts in ecological restoration and protection along the Yangtze River, and stressed that, to advance the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the environment of the Yangtze River basin must be well protected.

Xi also visited Yibin University and the XGIMI optoelectronic company. During these visits, Xi underlined the need to promote the employment of college graduates and the independent innovation of enterprises.

记者：曹德胜

For many, the pandemic upended not just the way we live our lives. But the way we think about the lives we're living. People are increasingly asking big questions of themselves. What do I really want to do with my life? Who do I really want to be? At the heart of it I think is one of humanity's most essential questions. What does it take to build a life that provides meaning and fulfillment? And the thing about it, is that no one can answer that question for you，and that includes me. There's no iPhone feature that can come to the rescue.

对许多人来说，这次疫情不仅颠覆了我们的生活方式，还让我们思考正在生活的方式。人们不断对自己提出大问题。我这一生究竟想要做什么？我真正想成为怎样的人？这些问题的核心是人类最基本的问题之一。怎样才能构建一个有意义和满足感的生活？问题就是，没有人能为你回答这个问题，包括我。iPhone没有能够提供这种帮助的功能。

AI is good, but it's not that good. Still, I have one important piece of advice I want to share. So important that it's the only piece of advice I’m going to share today. And that is this: whatever you do lead with your values. By leading with your values what I mean is that you should make decisions, big and small, each and every day, based on a deep understanding of who you are, and what you believe. These are not static things, and you wouldn't want them to be. You will learn more and grow more with each passing year as all of us do. But there are foundational values that are bedrock. Things that are core to your personality and your character. And these are the things you should choose to live by.

人工智能很好，但也没那么好。我还有一条重要建议想与大家分享。非常重要，也是我今天要分享的唯一一条建议。那就是：无论你做什么，要忠于自己的价值观。通过忠于自己的价值观，我的意思是你要做决定，无论大小，每一天，基于你对自己的身份及信仰的深入了解。这不是亘古不变的，你也不会希望这些不变。随着时间推移你会学的更多，成长更多，就像所有人一样。但是有一些基本价值观是基础。是你个性和性格的最重要部分。这些是你应该选择去坚持的东西。

At Gallaudet you have received a world-class education. I hope you've used this time to think deeply and openly about the world around you. To determine what you believe and why you believe it. What matters now is that you let those ideas guide you, that you let your values lead you. This is how you build a life of meaning and fulfillment.

在加劳德特大学，你能接受到世界一流教育。我希望你利用这段时间深入并坦率地思考周围的世界。确定你的信仰以及相信的原因。现在重要的是让这些想法引导你，让自己的价值观引导你。这样你将收获有意义和满足感的生活。

英语新闻|高考试题并未泄漏

No test papers were leaked before this year's national college entrance exam, also known as the gaokao, the National Education Examinations Authority said on Wednesday, but some math questions did appear online while the exams were underway.

国家教育部考试中心于6月8日表示，在2022年全国高考不存在考前泄题的情况，但在考试进行期间，网上确实出现了一些数学题。

This year's gaokao was held on Tuesday and Wednesday nationwide, except for some places that will extend it to Friday. The math test was held from 3 pm to 5 pm on Tuesday.

2022年高考于6月7日至8日在全国范围举行，部分地区将延长至10日。数学考试于7日下午3点至5点举行。

Some screenshots showed that someone in a chat group posted photos of math questions and asked for help at 3:48 pm. The questions were later confirmed to be from this year's exam questions. The online activity triggered public suspicion that this year's test papers might have been leaked before the exam.

部分截图显示，某聊天群中有人在下午3点48分发布了数学考试的问题并寻求帮助，这些问题后来被证实来自今年的高考试卷。这一行为令公众怀疑今年的高考试题可能在考前被泄漏。

The NEEA reported the activity to the police after noticing the reports. Preliminary investigation showed that the posted photos were not from a leak of the test papers before the exam, but rather from cheating during the exam, the NEEA said in a notice on its website.

国家教育部考试中心在注意到这一行为后，立即向公安机关报案。经初步调查显示，网上的图片并非属于考前泄题，而是考试期间的作弊行为。

In one case, an examinee in Gansu province violated regulations by bringing a mobile phone into the exam room. After the test started, the examinee took photos of the test paper and posted them in QQ chat groups to solicit answers from others, although to no avail, the notice said.

在其中一案中，甘肃一名考生违规携带手机进入考场，开考后，这位考生将试卷拍照发到QQ群中，向他人寻求解答未果。

In another case, an examinee in Guangdong province released a post before the math test and claimed it was about this year's gaokao test paper. The examinee did not obtain any papers before the test, but after taking the exam he replaced the post's content with questions he had during the test so that it appeared as if he'd gotten the questions beforehand.

另一案中，广东的一名考生在数学考试前发帖称，这是今年的高考试题。其实该考生在考前并没有拿到任何试卷，但在考试开始后，他将帖子的内容替换成了高考题目，谎称事先得到了题目。

The NEEA said invigilators in the involved exam rooms had been replaced and monitoring had been strengthened. Examinees who violated test regulations and staff members who are found to have neglected their duty will be strictly punished.

国家教育部考试中心表示，相关地方教育考试机构已撤换监考人员，加强监考力量。对违反考试规定的考生和失职失责的工作人员严肃处理。

According to the Gansu Education Examinations Authority, the math score of the examinee who cheated in the math exam was invalidated, and the examinee will not be allowed to take subsequent examinations.

据甘肃省教育考试院称，高考数学作弊的考生数学成绩作废，且不得参加后续考试。

According to the measures for handling irregularities in national education examinations, examinees who carry devices that can send or receive information in the test room will be regarded as cheating, and their scores will be invalidated.

根据全国教育考试违规处理办法，考生在考场携带信息收发设备的，视为作弊，成绩作废。

Examinees who send or transmit test information outside of the examination room or use equipment to receive information to carry out cheating shall be suspended from resitting the examination for one to three years based on the seriousness of the case.

考生在考场外发送、传达考试信息或者使用设备接收信息进行作弊行为的，视情节轻重，给予暂停参加该项国家教育考试一年至三年的处理。

Organized cheating in national education examinations is a serious offense and violators shall be sentenced from three to seven years in prison plus a fine, according to a judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

依据最高人民法院、最高人民检察院发布的司法解释，在全国教育考试中组织作弊的，构成严重犯罪，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

The NEEA could not confirm whether the examinee's behavior was a case of organized cheating based on the disclosed information from the authorities. If it was organized cheating, then the examinee may face severe punishment.

国家教育部考试中心无法根据警方披露的信息确认考生的行为是否属于有组织的作弊行为，若是有组织的作弊，那么考生将会面临严厉的处罚。

leak

英[liːk]；美[liːk]

vi.漏出; 透露; （指消息，秘密等）泄密; 漏电，漏水

vt.使泄露; <非正式>擅自公开

n.泄漏，漏洞; 裂缝; 漏出物; （俚语）撒尿

trigger

英[ˈtrɪɡə(r)]；美[ˈtrɪɡər]

n.（枪）扳机; 起动装置，扳柄; 引发其他事件的一件事; [电子学]触发器，触发电器

vt.引发，触发; 扣…的扳机; 发射或使爆炸（武器或爆炸性弹药）

invigilator

英[ɪn'vɪdʒɪleɪtə(r)]；美[ɪn'vɪdʒɪleɪtə(r)]

n. <英>监考人；监视器

invalidate

英[ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt]；美[ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt]

vt.使无效; 使作废; 证明…错误; 使站不住脚

violator

英['vaɪəleɪtə(r)]；美['vaɪəleɪtə(r)]

n.违反者

外媒：地球外首次确认“生命之源”，日本从小行星样本中发现20多种氨基酸

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) probe Hayabusa 2 discovered "amino acids", the source of life, in sand samples brought back to Earth from the Ryugu asteroid, the Japanese financial newspaper The Nikkei reported on Monday, marking the first time that human beings have discovered amino acids, substances that make proteins, outside Earth.

据外媒当地时间6月6日报道，日本宇宙航空研究开发机构的小行星探测器“隼鸟2号”从小行星“龙宫”带回地球的沙子样本中，发现了“生命之源”——氨基酸，即制造蛋白质的物质，这是首次在地球以外确认氨基酸的存在。

More than 20 types of amino acids have been detected in samples Hayabusa 2 brought back to Earth from the Ryugu asteroid in late 2020, the newspaper quoted a Japanese education ministry official as saying. The official noted that amino acids, one of the first organic molecules to appear on Earth, are very important substances for living things and could hold clues to understanding the origins of life. 

该报援引日本教育部官员的话表示，在2020年底从小行星探测器“隼鸟2号”从“龙宫”带回地球的样本中检测到了20多种氨基酸。这位官员指出，氨基酸是地球上最早出现的有机分子之一，对生物来说是非常重要的物质，可以为了解生命起源提供线索。

With amino acids essential for all living things to make proteins, the discovery could hold clues to understanding the origins of life, the Japan education ministry said.

日本教育部表示，所有生物都需要氨基酸来制造蛋白质，这一发现有可能为了解生命起源提供线索。

Hayabusa 2 left Earth in 2014 and reached its stationary position above the Ryugu asteroid in June 2018 after traveling 3.2 billion kilometers on an elliptical orbit around the sun for more than three years. It finally touched down on the asteroid twice the following year and collected its first-ever subsurface samples from an asteroid.

“隼鸟2号”于2014年离开地球，于2018年6月在绕太阳椭圆轨道上运行了32亿公里后，到达小行星“龙宫”。在2019年两次着陆后，从该小行星上采集了有史以来第一个地下样本。

In December 2020, a capsule that had been carried on a six-year mission by Hayabusa 2 delivered more than 5.4 grams of surface material to Earth from the Ryugu asteroid 300 million kilometers away.

2020年12月，“隼鸟2号”搭载的为期6年的回收舱从3亿多公里外的小行星“龙宫”返回地球，并带回约5.4克行星表面样本。

Launched in 2021 with a full-fledged investigation of the sample, the probe of Ryugu was conducted jointly by the JAXA and Japanese research institutions, including the University of Tokyo and Hiroshima University.

2021年，日本对小行星“龙宫”样本进行全面研究，由日本宇宙航空研究开发机构和包括东京大学和广岛大学在内的日本演技机构联合开展。

Aiming at unraveling the mysteries of the origin of the solar system and life, the probe suggested the presence of water and organic matter with previous analysis of the samples. 

为解开太阳系和生命起源的奥秘，研究团队通过对样本的分析发现存在水和有机物。

Kensei Kobayashi, professor emeritus of astrobiology at Yokohama National University, said the unprecedented discovery of multiple types of amino acids on an extraterrestrial body could even hint at the existence of life outside of Earth.

日本横滨国立大学天体生物学教授小林宪正表示，这次发现多种氨基酸存在于地球以外是史无前例的，甚至可以暗示地球之外存在生命。

"Proving amino acids exist in the subsurface of asteroids increases the likelihood that the compounds arrived on Earth from space," he said.

他说：“证明氨基酸存在于小行星的地下，会增大氨基酸是从太空抵达地球的可能。”

Although it is still unknown how amino acids arrived on Earth in ancient times, one theory says they were brought by meteorites with amino acids being detected in a meteorite found on Earth while another possibility is that they were attached on the ground.

尽管尚不清楚氨基酸在远古时期是如何到达地球的，但有一种理论认为它们是由陨石带来的，因为在地球上发现的陨石中检测到氨基酸，另一种可能就是它们附着在地表上。

This time, Hayabusa 2 delivered the subsurface materials without them being exposed to the outside air after collecting the samples that had not been weathered by sunlight or cosmic rays, showing for the first time that amino acids exist on an asteroid in space. 

这一次，“隼鸟2号”采集了未被阳光或宇宙射线风化的样品后，在不暴露与外界空气的情况下运送了地下材料，首次表明氨基酸存在于太空中的小行星上。

amino acids

英[əˌmi:nəʊ ˈæsɪd]；美[əˌminoʊ ˈæsɪd]

n.氨基酸

asteroid

英[ˈæstərɔɪd]；美[ˈæstərɔɪd]

n.【天】小行星；海盘车；海星

molecules

英[ˈmɒlɪkjuːl]；美[ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl]

n.分子；微小颗粒

stationary

英[ˈsteɪʃənri]；美[ˈsteɪʃəneri]

adj.不动的，固定的；静止的，不变的；常备军的；定居的

capsule

英[ˈkæpsjuːl]；美[ˈkæpsl]

n.胶囊；航天舱；（植物的）荚；密封小容器

full-fledged

英[fʊl fledʒd]；美[ˈfʊlˈflɛdʒd]

adj.羽毛生齐的；经过充分训练的，成熟的

extraterrestrial

英[ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl]；美[ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl]

adj.地球外的，地球大气圈外的

n.外星人

meteorites

英[ˈmiːtiəraɪt]；美[ˈmiːtiəraɪt]

n.陨星；陨石；陨铁；流星

cosmic

英[ˈkɒzmɪk]；美[ˈkɑːzmɪk]

adj. 宇宙的，外太空的；巨大且重要的

英语新闻|公安机关和教育部门严打涉考违法犯罪

Authorities have maintained a severe crackdown on crimes related to cheating on examinations, with 129 such cases having been investigated and 208 suspects caught so far this year, according to the Ministry of Public Security.

公安机关和教育部门持续严打涉考违法犯罪，据公安部的数据显示，今年已侦办相关案件129起，抓获犯罪嫌疑人208名。

The public security organs and education authorities have severely punished those who organize cheating in examinations or produce and sell equipment used in cheating. This year, they have handled 189 cases of producing and selling equipment for cheating and caught 990 suspects, according to the Ministry of Public Security.

对于组织考试作弊及非法生产、销售窃听窃照专用器材违法犯罪人员，公安机关和教育部门将予以严厉处罚。据公安部统计，今年已侦办非法生产、销售窃听窃照专用器材案件189起，抓获犯罪嫌疑人990名。

The gaokao, China's national college entrance exam, is being held on Tuesday and Wednesday nationwide, while in some places it extends to Friday.

2022年全国高考于6月7日至8日举行，有些地区考试时间延长至6月10日。

To ensure the examination is held safely and smoothly, the Ministry of Public Security has deployed public security organs to inspect places around the examination sites, including rental houses, internet cafes and nucleic acid testing sites.

为确保考试安全、顺利进行，公安机关对考点周边出租房屋、网吧、核酸检测点等治安复杂场所开展安全检查。

They also alerted enterprises and institutions that may cause noise and interfere with the gaokao to eliminate risks and hidden distractions.

此外，公安机关还对可能产生噪音干扰高考的企业或单位提前发布提醒警示，消除风险和干扰因素。

The police were asked to target every step of exam cheating to break the criminal network, investigate and punish acts of selling cheating equipment and uncover the factories producing the equipment.

警方针对考试作弊犯罪网络的每一环节，依法查处涉嫌销售作弊器材的行为，并深挖彻查生产销售作弊器材的工厂。

In addition, public security authorities have worked with other departments to clean up online and offline advertising for cheating equipment, organizing proxy tests and selling answers.

此外，公安机关同相关部门一起，全面清理封堵网上和线下销售作弊器材、组织替考、售卖答案等广告。

The ministry said it would supervise the handling of major cases and quickly detect and resolve such cases, and public security organs would work closely with the education department to discover and investigate acts of cheating.

教育部表示，将督促重大案件的办案工作，抓紧侦破和解决重大案件，公安机关将与教育部门密切配合，对作弊行为进行查处。

According to the Criminal Law, people who organize cheating, sell and use wireless cheating equipment or provide test questions and answers to examinees in the national examinations are in violation of the law.

根据《刑法》规定，组织作弊、销售并使用无线作弊设备或为考生提供高考试题和答案的，均属于违法行为。

In the case of someone taking exams for others, the examinee and the ghostwriter will receive identical punishment, according to the Criminal Law.

《刑法》明确规定，代替他人或者让他人代替高考，考生与代考者接受相同的处罚。

People who organize cheating could be sentenced to from three to seven years imprisonment plus a fine, according to a judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

依据最高人民法院和最高人民检察院发布的明确规定，组织作弊的，判处三年以上七年以下的有期徒刑，并处罚金。

Examinees who carry or use cheating equipment and materials will be stopped from taking the relevant examinations for between one and three years.

考生在国家教育考试中携带或使用考试作弊器材、资料，将被责令停止参加相关国家教育考试一年以上到三年以下。

 crackdown

英[ˈkrækdaʊn]；美[ˈkrækdaʊn]

n.严厉打击；镇压

proxy

英[ˈprɒksi]；美[ˈprɑːksi]

n.代表权；代理人，代替物；委托书；代理服务器

imprisonment

英[ɪmˈprɪznmənt]；美[ɪmˈprɪznmənt]

n.关押，监禁