Colloques du Collège de France - Collège de France

Grand événement - À la recherche d'un Avenir Commun Durable

L'IA et les mathématiques pour la météorologie et la climatologie

AI and math for meteorology and climatology

Collège de France

Année 2024-2025

5 mai 2025

Grand événement - AI and math for meteorology and climatology - Thomas Dubos : Hamiltonian insights and the challenge of unresolved processes in geophysical models

Thomas Dubos

Professeur, École Polytechnique

Résumé

Mathematical and numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean rely on various assumptions, approximations, and simplifications. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in elucidating their structure and interconnections, particularly for the resolved and reversible fluid components. This advancement has largely been driven by Hamiltonian approaches, encompassing both Hamilton's principle of least action and the associated symplectic structure. Moreover, these insights have influenced the development of numerical methods in production-ready models.

This progress shifts attention toward the unresolved and irreversible processes, where mathematical and theoretical foundations remain scarce—and may continue to be so. I will challenge the notion that partial differential equations are all that is needed, and highlight areas where theoretical progress seems possible. Hopefully, this perspective can shed light on the respective roles of physics-based and data-driven components in comprehensive models.

Thomas Dubos

Thomas Dubos studied mathematics and physics at the École Normale Supérieure (Paris) and obtained his Ph.D. in 2002 at the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), focusing on transport through two-dimensional turbulence. As Assistant Professor and then Professor at LMD/École Polytechnique, his research focused on geophysical turbulence and hydrodynamics. More recently, he has used Hamiltonian methods to uncover the structure and connections of existing geophysical models, to derive new models, and to develop numerical methods with desirable physical properties. This fundamental work has contributed to the development of the LMDZ, the atmospheric general circulation model developed at LMD, which is part of the Earth System Model at the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL).

Grand événement - À la recherche d'un Avenir Commun Durable

L'IA et les mathématiques pour la météorologie et la climatologie

AI and math for meteorology and climatology

Collège de France

Année 2024-2025

5 mai 2025

AI and math for meteorology and climatology - Michael Brenner : The neural GCM, and other remarks

Michael Brenner

Harvard University, Research Scientist, Google Research

Résumé

I will discuss the Neural GCM, which we built by building a dynamical core in JAX and then training the parameterization on ERA5 on 5-day forecasts. The quality of the forecasts up to 1 year portends a potential revolution in improving model parameterizations of physical systems described by nonlinear partial differential equations, of which weather and climate models are only one example. I will discuss some other problems in this spirit we are working on and try to draw conclusions.

Michael Brenner

Michael Brenner is the Michael F. Cronin Professor of Applied Mathematics and Professor of Physics at Harvard University, and a Research Scientist at Google Research. He is broadly interested in finding new ways of applying mathematics to the sciences.

Grand événement - À la recherche d'un Avenir Commun Durable

L'IA et les mathématiques pour la météorologie et la climatologie

AI and math for meteorology and climatology

Collège de France

Année 2024-2025

5 mai 2025

AI AND MATH FOR METEOROLOY AND CLIMATOLOGY

Stéphane Mallat

Professeur du Collège de France

L'événement est en anglais.

L'initiative Avenir Commun Durable bénéficie du soutien de la Fondation du Collège de France, de ses grands mécènes la Fondation Covéa et TotalEnergies et de ses mécènes FORVIA et Saint-Gobain.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have produced unexpected and impressive results for weather forecasting, despite the complexity of these multi-scale phenomena. AI is also playing an increasingly important role in climatology. These results raise profound questions about modelling. On the one hand, we know the physics equations that have so far been used in large-scale numerical models. On the other hand, many physical parameters are unknown, for example at interfaces, which motivates a learning approach based on past data. We can also learn the evolution equations indirectly, eliminating the need for physical modelling. The approaches developed in AI in recent years oscillate between these two strategies.

This conference will present the state of the art at the interface between mathematics, physics and statistical learning using deep neural networks. It will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the different modelling strategies, as well as the a priori incorporated in the form of equations or algorithmic architectures, in relation with physics. An objective is to encourage a dialogue between mathematicians, AI researchers, meteorologists and climatologists.

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Alex Stark : Decoding Transcriptional Regulation

Alex Stark

IMP, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Justin Crooker : Exploring the Evolutionary Limits of Transcriptional Enhancers

Justin Crooker

EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Ana Pombo : Variations in 3D Genome Structure Between Cell Types and in Stimulus Responses

Ana Pombo

Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Alexandre Mayran : Cooperative Assignment of Enhancer Activity Underlies Pattern Formation and Cell Fate Specification

Alexandre Mayran

École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Suisse

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Susanne Mandrup : Transcriptional Networks and Chromatin Architecture Regulating Adipogenesis

Susanne Mandrup

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Renée Beekman : Translocations Can Drive Expression Changes of Multiple Genes in Regulons Covering Entire Chromosome Arms

Renée Beekman

CRG, Single Cell Epigenomics and Cancer Development, Barcelona, Spain

Denis Duboule

Collège de France

Évolution du développement et des génomes

Année 2024-2025

Enhancers Sequences and Gene Regulation

Colloque - Duncan Odom : Mechanisms of Mammalian Genome Control and Evolution

Duncan Odom

DKFZ, Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Heidelberg, Germany