Everyone processes and learns new information differently. There are three main cognitive learning styles. VAK stands for Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic and these learning styles helps people to understand what type of learner they are. It helps us to understand what works for us best and can help us to maximise the time we spend studying or taking in information or processing what we need.
The VAK learning model divides people into three categories of learner:
- Visual learners – absorb information by sight and seeing things
Auditory learners – absorb information by sound and hearing thingsKinaesthetic learners – absorb information by moving and feeling thingsPeople predominantly learn using one style – whether visual, auditory or kinaesthetic. And even though every learner can incorporate more than one type of learning they are more likely to achieve better results and output from learning by focusing on their primary style.
Visual learners absorb information primarily by seeing it, or by visualising it mentally. They:
- Are imaginative and can easily picture complex scenarios, images or ideas without reference
Are good at reading body language wellRecall various bits of information well and tend to have good memory if written downLove to ‘see’ the informationEnjoy art, aesthetics and the written wordAre usually excellent at spellingTake frequent notesRevise well using colour coordination, mind maps and flashcardsLove to use graphs, maps, diagrams, flowcharts and written instructionsMay struggle with verbal instructionsFind themselves easily distracted by visual stimuli such as sitting beside a window or being bombarded with pop-ups on a computer!Auditory learners absorb information primarily by hearing it. They:
- Retain information by hearing it
Love verbal instructions and follow them easilyPrefer to be told how to do thingsSummarise things out loudAre sensitive to tone of voice, pitch and rhythmNotice different aspects of speakingUnderstand and process information by talking it throughWould rather record a lesson or lecture than take notesAre usually very good at oral presentationsLearn better with music on, provided that it is not too distractingThrive in group and panel discussionsAre easily distracted by auditory stimuli such as background noise or being spoken toKinaesthetic learners absorb information primarily through movement in a physical way. They:
- Love the hands-on approach to learn or for problem solving
Usually very good at maths and scienceAre often physically coordinated and good at sportEnjoy expressing themselves physically and may engage in performing arts or dancePrefer working in groups and work better with othersPrefer to see or do a demonstration than have it verbally explainedStruggle with overly abstract or conceptual topicsHave a good sense of directionMay learn by drawing and doodlingExcel at practical subjects such as construction, cooking and engineeringMay be restless or fidgety in the classroomYou can make use of these learning styles to streamline learning processes with the powerful neuroscience. And it can help us to learn more effectively and with greater enjoyment.
Whether you are a parent, teacher, educator, speaker, coach or mentor, the best way to get your information across should ideally incorporate activities that facilitate all three learning styles to cater to the needs of everyone.
For instance, reading textbooks and writing notes to satisfy visual learners, explaining a topic aloud to the class for auditory learners and practical activities for the kinaesthetic learners. If possible, combine all three styles into activities.
When it comes to your work and to ensure it is satisfying think about your dominant learning style and see if it aligns with where you are at right now.
Each preferred learning style has methods that fit the different ways an individual may learn best.
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