🌏Article
Many English last names are occupational surnames, meaning they come from a job. Examples of occupational surnames include Baker, Butcher and Brewer — which were given to people who made bread, prepared meat and made beer.
Here are some of the less obvious English surnames that come from jobs.
Smith is the most common surname in both the US and Great Britain, according to Ancestry.com. And a smith is also someone who works with metal — a job that would have been very important in Britain in the Middle Ages, when surnames started to be used there.
Cooper is another surname that comes from a very important job in the past. A cooper is someone who makes wooden containers such as barrels, which would have been needed for holding food, drinks and many other things. Even today, high quality barrels made by coopers are used for making whiskey and other drinks.
"Wright" is another word for "worker" or "maker." Wright can be a surname by itself, but can also be part of longer surnames like Cartwright — someone who makes carts.
The Kellogg's brand is best known for its breakfast cereals, named after company founder W.K. Kellogg. But the history of the surname has more to do with bacon. Kellogg is an occupational surname that comes from an old word for a pork butcher, with the "kell" coming from the old English word kellen, meaning "to kill." The "-og" part comes from hog, another word for pig.

🌏Summary
有許多英文姓氏取自工作名稱。Baker、Butcher和Brewer用來稱呼做麵包、準備肉類和釀啤酒的人。smith指的是跟金屬一起工作的人，也就是鍛工。Cooper指的是製作木頭容器的人。「wright」是另一個代替「worker」和「maker」的字。 Wright本身可以是一個姓氏，但也可以是一個更長姓氏中的一部分，像是Cartwright——做馬車的人。 Kellogg則是源自於豬肉販的職業姓氏。

🌏Words & Phrases
occupational職業的
obvious明顯的
Middle Ages中世紀

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第07講:您是哪位?
Einheit 7 Wer sindS ie?
Dialoge
Dialog1.
a:Wer ist das?
b:Das ist Jan.

Dialog2
a:Wer ist das?
b:Das sind Herr und Frau Müller.

Dialog3
a:Wer sind die Frau und der Mann da?
b:Die Frau ist Maria Conti aus Itlien. Und der Mann da ist Lars Johansen aus Norwegen.

Dialog4
a:Wer sind Sie?
b:Ich bin Lea Daugner aus der Schweiz. Ich bin die Lehrerin.

Dialog5 a:Wer bist du?
b:Ich bin Markus. Ich bin ein Schüler hier.

Dialog6
a:Wer seid ihr?
b:Wir sind Bettina und Frieda aus Tschechien.Wir sind Schülerinnen hier.

Dialog7
a:Wer kommt aus Österreich?
b:Herr König ist aus Österreich.
🌏
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🌏Article
Preparing for an interview can be stressful. Happily, there are a few things you can do to make it less so, including doing some serious research on the company you want to work for.
Here's where to start:

1. Study the job description

Don't just quickly read the job description. Take time to think about each responsibility and skill in the list, and write down point by point why you believe you're the best person for the job.

1. Always check the company website

You can get a lot of information from just reading a company's website. Find out exactly what the company does, who manages it and who its customers are. If you're lucky, you might also find information on staff currently in the role you want.

1. Read the company's latest news

Being able to share information about the company's latest news in the interview shows that you're interested in the company and what it does. Check its social media, "like" its posts and read its blog.

🌏Summary
面試令人備感壓力。你可以做以下這些事，讓自己更安心：

1. 研讀職務描述

不要只是快速地讀過職務描述。 花點時間思考名單上的職責、技能，寫出為什麼你覺得你是這份工作的最佳人選。

1. 不斷地查看公司網站

你可以單就閱讀公司的網站獲取大量資訊。 找出這間公司確切在做什麼、是誰在經營，以及他們的顧客有誰。 如果你夠幸運，你可能會找到目前在你想要的職位上工作的員工資訊。

1. 查看該公司的最新消息

能夠在面試時分享該公司的最新資訊，顯示出你對這間公司還有其業務感興趣。 記得查看它的社群媒體，替它的貼文「按讚」。 

🌏Words & Phrases
stressful緊張的
job description職務描述
responsibility職務
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🌏Article
New York has passed a law making it illegal for hotels to give their guests single-use plastic toiletry bottles.
The new law will ban plastic toiletry bottles smaller than 355 milliliters. Most hotel toiletries come in very small amounts — usually between 30 milliliters and 60 milliliters — which means that hotels will have to find other ways of giving their guests personal cleaning products.
The law will come into effect on January 1, 2024, for bigger hotels, but smaller businesses with fewer than 50 rooms will have an extra year to prepare for the change. President of the New York State Hospitality & Tourism Association Mark Dorr, who helped write the law, has said that the delay will mean that hotels will have time to use all of the toiletries they still have, and give them time to get new alternatives ready.
Hotels will have to put dispensers in their guest rooms that can be refilled with things like soap and shampoo, or find other alternatives that are better for the environment than single-use bottles.
Eric Goldstein of America's Natural Resources Defense Council said that the new law will stop tens of millions of plastic bottles every year from being thrown away.
New York is not the first US state to ban single-use toiletry bottles, however. California passed a similar ban in 2019, although it will not come into effect until 2023.

🌏Summary
紐約通過一條法律,將禁止飯店業者使用容量 355 毫升以下的塑膠盥洗用具瓶罐。多數飯店的盥洗用品容量都很少,通常在 30 毫升至 60 毫升之間。這項法律的通過,意味著飯店業者將必須尋找其他方式,來提供顧客私人清潔用品。飯店將必須在客房內安裝可重複補充肥皂或洗髮精等的分配器,或是比起一次性瓶罐,對於環境較友善的替代選項。美國資源保護協會的 Eric Goldstein 表示,新法規將停止每年丟棄數千萬塑膠瓶罐的狀況。不過,紐約並非美國第一個禁用一次性盥洗用具瓶罐的州。加州在 2019 年通過類似的禁令。

🌏Words & Phrases
pass通過
toiletries盥洗用品
alternative可供選擇的事物

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🌏Article
A survey in Japan has found that more children in the country are playing video games on school days — and they're playing for longer.
The survey was done by Japan's health ministry, and included about 26,000 children who were born in 2010. The ministry collected data from 92% of the kids in 2020.
The survey found that almost 75% of the children now play video games on school days. A similar survey done in 2011 found that only 65% of children the same age played video games on school days.
Not only are more children playing video games during the week, but more of them are playing for longer amounts of time, too.
Of the children who play games on school days, about 71% said that they played for less than an hour when they were in grade one. But now that they're in grade four, only 48% of the kids play for less than an hour.
Research on how video games affect children isn't quite clear, however. Some studies have found that playing games could be connected to problems such as addiction and depression. But others have found that some games can help children develop problem-solving and social skills, and may even help improve their memory.

🌏Summary
一份問卷發現日本有越來越多孩童在上學日玩電動——而且他們玩的時間也越來越長。該問卷中，發現將近75%小孩目前在上學日玩電動。 2011年調查時。只有65%同年紀的孩童會在上學日玩電動。
那些在上學日玩電動的小孩之中，大約71%的人表示他們在一年級的時候，玩的時間不超過一小時。 但現在，他們四年級了，只有48%的小孩玩的時間在一個鐘頭以下。部分研究已指出，玩電動
可能與成癮和憂鬱症等問題有所關聯。 但也有研究發現，有些遊戲能夠協助小孩發展解決問題和社交的能力，甚至可能改善他們的記憶力。

🌏Words & Phrases
ministry(政府的)部
grade年級
addiction上癮

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第06講:這是甚麼 Einheit 6: Was ist das?
1.Ländernamen mit Artikel 有冠詞的國家名稱
die Schweiz
dieTürkei
der Irak
die USA
aber:(然而在介係詞aus之後冠詞需要改變)
aus der Schweiz
aus der Türkei
aus dem Irak
aus den USA

2.Dialoge 對話
a:Was ist das?
b:Das ist ein Tisch. Der Tisch ist groß. Er kommt aus der Schweiz.
a:Unddas hier? Wie heißt das auf Deutsch?
b:Das ist ein Buch. Das Buch ist sehr interessant. Es ist aus dem Irak.
a:Ah,ein Buch aus dem Irak. Und was ist das da?
b:Das ist eine Tasche. Die Tasche ist schön. Sie kommt aus der Türkei.
a:Aus der Türkei? Cool! Und wie heißt das hierauf Deutsch?
b:Das sind Schuhe. Die Schuhe sind ganz neu. Sie sind aus den USA.

3.Artikel und Personalpronomen 冠詞與人稱代名詞
bestimmte Artikel:der Tisch/ das Buch/ die Tasche/ dieSchuhe
unbestimmte Artikel: ein Tisch/ ein Buch/ eine Tasche/ Schuhe
Personalpronomen: er/ es/ sie/ sie(Pl.)

4.Adjektive–Gegenteile形容詞–相反詞

• groß大的，高的 ≠ klein小的
• 矮的interessant有趣的 ≠ langweilig無聊的
• schön美的，漂亮的 ≠ hässlich醜的
• neu新的 ≠ alt舊的

🌏
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第6講：兄弟姊妹的稱呼

• Ông，爺爺、外公
• Bà，奶奶、外婆
• Bố Bố，爸爸。 
• Mẹ Mẹ，媽媽。
• 哥哥、先生的越南語叫Anh，一般路上的男子，通常我們也會稱呼Anh。
• 姐姐的越南語非常好記，跟台語的姐姐很像，叫做Chị。 
• 弟弟、妹妹，或一般年紀比你小的人，越南語都叫Em。
• 在越南話裡面，通常會多加一個ơi來表示親近感，所以我們會說Anh ơi，

🌏
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🌏Article
The number of divorces in China has dropped by 72% since the country introduced a month-long "cooling-off" period for couples who decide to end their marriage.
In the last three months of 2020, 1.06 million couples in China divorced, according to China's Ministry of Civil Affairs. In the first three months of 2021, that number was only 296,000.
The drop is thanks to a new law requiring couples to wait 30 days after they first apply for a divorce. When that period ends, they must apply again, or their application will get canceled.
The law came into effect on January 1, 2021 and is aimed at reducing divorce rates across the country. Chinese officials said they hope that the cooling-off period will stop "impulsive" divorces.
When the law was first announced in 2020, it became one of the most talked about topics on Chinese social media.
Couples who went through the month-long waiting period have reported different experiences. While some said it helped them save their marriage, others described it as "30 days of hell."
China, however, is not the only country to make people wait before allowing them to get a divorce. France and the UK already have similar laws, as do many states in the US.

🌏Summary
自從中國針對決定要離婚的夫婦,實施為期一個月的「強制冷靜期」之後,該國的離婚數下降 72%。根據中華人民共和國民政部,2020 年最後三個月中,中國有 106 萬對夫妻離婚。 2021 年首三月,離婚的夫妻數只有 296,000 對。此數目的下降拜賜於一條新法規的實施。這個法規要求夫妻在首次提出離婚申請之後,得再等上 30 天。 這段時期結束後,他們必須再次提出申請,否則他們的申請就會被取消。 中國官員表示,他們希望這個「強製冷靜期」能夠阻止「衝動性」離婚。其實中國並非唯一規定民眾離婚前讓他們等上一些時間的國家。 法國和英國也有類似的法律。

🌏Words & Phrases
divorce離婚
cool off冷靜下來
introduce推行

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Einheit 5 Woher kommen Sie?
1.Ländernamen國家名稱

• Deutschland德國   
• Österreich奧地利
• Frankreich法國
• England英國
• Italien義大利
• Spanien西班牙
• Portugal葡萄牙
• Griechenland希臘
• Polen波蘭
• Russland俄國
• Tschechien 捷克   
• Dänemark丹麥
• Norwegen挪威
• Schweden瑞典
• Finnland芬蘭
• Japan日本
• Korea韓國
• China中國

2.Dialoge對話

Dialog1
a:Woher kommen Sie?
b:Ich komme aus Deutschland. UndSie?Woher sind Sie?
a:Ich bin aus Österreich.

Dialog2
a:Woher kommt ihr?
b:Wir kommen aus Frankreich. Und du? Woher kommst du?
a:Ah,ihr seid aus Frankreich. Ich komme aus Spanien.

Dialog3
a:Woher kommen Julia und Hans?
b:Ich glaube, Julia kommt aus Schweden und Hans ist aus Dänemark.

3.Verb-Konjugation:kommen,sein動詞人稱變化

• ich/ du/ er sie /wir/ ihr/ sie/Sie
• kommen/ komme/ kommst/ kommt /kommen /kommt /kommen
• sein/ bin/ bist/ ist /sind /seid/ sind

因排版問題~更詳細的內容請參閱本臺Channel+頻道:https://channelplus.ner.gov.tw/api/files/5fbf7278a530430007adce79
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第5講：家人的稱呼

• 越南文化中很在乎年紀與輩份，而越南語裡面比較不會特別使用你、我、他，都是用輩份稱呼來做為你、我、他使用。
• 爺爺跟外公的越南話，我們會說Ông nội跟Ông ngoại，但都可以只用Ông來做稱呼，所以可以很簡單的記得老翁老翁Ông Ông Ông。
• 所以Ông這個字在正式場合也代表受人尊敬的先生意思。
• 奶奶跟外婆的越南話就是Bà nội跟Bà ngoại，但一樣可以只用Bà稱呼就好，在正式場合裡面也代表受人尊敬的女士的意思。
• không這個字「嗎」表示中文疑問詞「嗎」的意思，但如果他放在句子中間，就表示否定，所以不健康我們會說Không khoẻ。
• 「的」的越南語就是của。越南語會把中心訊息先說，所以會先說爺爺再說小宇的，越南話就是Ông của 小宇。意思就是小宇的爺爺。Ông của 小宇。 
• Cháu 就是孫子的意思
• Bố 是爸爸，我的爸爸Bố của em
• Mẹ是媽媽，我的媽媽Mẹ của em 
• 爸爸媽媽可以直接說Bố mẹ

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