US President Donald Trump on Saturday threatened to impose a 30 percent tariff on imports from Mexico and the European Union starting on August first, as experts warn that trade disputes and policy shifts are putting the global economy under strain.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普周六威胁要从8月1日开始对来自墨西哥和欧盟的进口商品征收30%的关税,因为专家警告说,贸易争端和政策转变正在使全球经济面临压力。
In an escalation of a trade war that has angered allies and rattled investors, Trump announced the latest tariffs in separate letters to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum that were posted on his Truth Social platform on Saturday.
在一场激怒了盟友并让投资者感到不安的贸易战升级中,特朗普在周六发布在其Truth Social平台上的分别致欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩和墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·谢恩鲍姆的信中宣布了最新的关税。
Both partners swiftly slammed the new duties, with the EU warning they could disrupt supply chains while Mexico branded them an "unfair deal".
双方都迅速抨击了新关税,欧盟警告称,这些关税可能会扰乱供应链,而墨西哥则称其为“不公平协议”。
French President Emmanuel Macron expressed "very strong disapproval" of the step and called on the EU to "resolutely defend European interests".
法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙对这一举措表示“强烈反对”,并呼吁欧盟“坚决捍卫欧洲利益”。
Trump sent similar letters to 23 other trading partners last week, including Canada, Japan and Brazil, setting blanket tariff rates ranging from 20 percent up to 50 percent, as well as a 50 percent tariff on copper.
特朗普上周向包括加拿大、日本和巴西在内的其他23个贸易伙伴发出了类似的信函,设定了从20%到50%的一揽子关税税率,以及对铜征收50%的关税。
The 30 percent rate was "separate from all sectoral tariffs", he said, indicating that 50 percent levies on steel and aluminum imports and a 25 percent tariff on auto imports would remain.
他说,30%的税率“与所有行业关税分开”,表明对钢铁和铝进口征收50%的关税,对汽车进口征收25%的关税。
Trump's letter to the EU included a demand that Europe drop its own tariffs. "The European Union will allow complete, open market access to the United States, with no tariff being charged to us, in an attempt to reduce the large trade deficit," he wrote.
特朗普给欧盟的信中要求欧洲取消自己的关税。他写道:“欧盟将允许美国完全、开放的市场准入,不向我们征收关税,以减少巨额贸易逆差。”。
Von der Leyen said the 30 percent tariffs "would disrupt essential trans-Atlantic supply chains, to the detriment of businesses, consumers and patients on both sides of the Atlantic".
冯德莱恩表示,30%的关税“将扰乱重要的跨大西洋供应链,损害大西洋两岸的企业、消费者和患者”。
She also said that while the EU will continue to work toward a trade agreement, it "will take all necessary steps to safeguard EU interests, including the adoption of proportionate countermeasures if required".
她还表示,尽管欧盟将继续努力达成贸易协定,但“将采取一切必要措施维护欧盟利益,包括在必要时采取相称的反制措施”。
The Mexican government said it had been informed of the new threat during talks in the US on Friday.
墨西哥政府表示,周五在美国举行的会谈中已获悉这一新威胁。
"We mentioned at the table that it was an unfair deal and that we did not agree," the Mexican economy and foreign ministries said in a joint statement.
墨西哥经济部和外交部在一份联合声明中表示:“我们在会议上提到,这是一项不公平的协议,我们不同意。”。
Steven Kamin, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and former Federal Reserve official, said these anti-trade policies of the Trump administration are dragging down US growth to 1.4 percent this year from 2.8 percent last year.
美国企业研究所高级研究员、前美联储官员史蒂文·卡明表示,特朗普政府的这些反贸易政策正在将美国今年的经济增长率从去年的2.8%降至1.4%。
"The Trump tariffs, which probably amount to about 15 percentage points higher than before Trump entered office, are a big contributor to the declining global growth,"
“特朗普的关税可能比特朗普上任前高出约15个百分点,是全球经济增长下滑的一大原因。”
Kamin said at a panel discussion hosted by the Washington-based Brookings Institution in partnership with the World Bank on Thursday.
卡明周四在华盛顿布鲁金斯学会与世界银行联合主办的小组讨论会上说。
He estimated the tariffs' direct hit at about 1 percent of US GDP but warned that retaliatory tariffs and falling investment could make things worse.
他估计,关税的直接影响约为美国国内生产总值的1%,但警告说,报复性关税和投资下降可能会使情况变得更糟。
The US economy has been holding up, he said. However, he raised concerns about Trump's protectionist approach, which has led to a 10 percent drop in the dollar's value this year. "It may reflect investor dismay with Trump's policies," Kamin said.
他说,美国经济一直保持稳定。然而,他对特朗普的保护主义政策表示担忧,该政策导致今年美元贬值10%。“这可能反映了投资者对特朗普政策的失望,”卡明说。
Ayhan Kose, deputy chief economist at the World Bank and a nonresident senior fellow at Brookings, introduced the main points from the World Bank's June 2025 Global Economic Prospects report, which says global growth is expected to drop to 2.3 percent this year, down 0.4 percentage points from January forecasts.
世界银行副首席经济学家、布鲁金斯学会非居民高级研究员M.Ayhan Kose介绍了世界银行2025年6月《全球经济展望》报告的要点,该报告称,今年全球经济增长预计将降至2.3%,比1月份的预测低0.4个百分点。
"There's much to cover, given the policy shifts, global deals, and unfolding developments," Kose said, noting that rising trade barriers, policy uncertainty, and financial market swings are driving the slowdown.
Kose表示:“鉴于政策转变、全球交易和不断发展的事态,有很多事情要做。”他指出,贸易壁垒的增加、政策的不确定性和金融市场的波动正在推动经济放缓。
Global trade growth is forecast to slide to 1.8 percent this year from last year's 3.4 percent, fueled by higher tariffs and uncertainty, he added.
他补充道,在关税上调和不确定性的推动下,预计今年全球贸易增长率将从去年的3.4%降至1.8%。
Debora Revoltella, chief economist at the European Investment Bank, said she saw a chance to shine despite global headwinds in Europe. She projected European growth at 1.5 percent this year, with tariffs trimming about 0.3 percent.
欧洲投资银行首席经济学家Debora Revoltella表示,尽管欧洲面临全球逆风,但她看到了发光的机会。她预计今年欧洲经济增长率为1.5%,关税削减约0.3%。
"I think at this moment, there is a strong sense of a unique opportunity for Europe after many years of lost opportunity," Revoltella said, pointing out that with a trade openness of 45 percent compared with 25 percent for the US, Europe is pushing trade deals with regions such as South America, India and Indonesia.
Revoltella表示:“我认为,在多年失去机会之后,欧洲现在有一种强烈的独特机会感。”他指出,欧洲的贸易开放度为45%,而美国为25%,欧洲正在推动与南美、印度和印度尼西亚等地区的贸易协议。
trade disputes
n.贸易争端
/treɪd dɪˈspjuːts/
trade deficit
n.贸易赤字
/treɪd ˈdɛfɪsɪt/